Sonchus luxurians (R.E.Fr.) C.Jeffrey

Species

Angiosperms > Asterales > Asteraceae > Sonchus

Characteristics

Annual or short-lived perennial herb, erect and 0.2–2 m high or climbing to 6 m high; stems 1–several, branched from base, green or reddish, hollow, glabrous except for the most distal parts of the inflorescence, sometimes procumbent and up to 2 m long, sending up erect leafy shoots to 1 m high.. Leaves grey-green, sessile, ovate or lanceolate in outline, the lower leaves usually pinnately lobed with narrow retrorse lobes, 5–20 cm long, 0.5–1.5 cm wide without the lobes, the lobes linear to triangular, 1–5 cm long, 0.3–2 cm wide, with 2–4 pairs of lobes, base briefly sagittate to auriculate, margins entire to dentate, apex acute to attenuate; the upper leaves usually entire or with few lobes, with a very broad base, 4–19 cm long, widest around the stem and there 1–5 cm wide, sagittate and broadly auriculate, margins (especially of the base) dentate, apex acute to attenuate.. Capitula several together in dense clusters, these arranged in lax leafy corymbs or panicles; capitula subsessile or shortly stalked, mature capitula surrounded by bud capitula, their bases and the upper part of the capitulum stalk with a white tomentum; involucre 12–16 mm long; phyllaries green with red-purple tinge on margins and apex, ovate to lanceolate, 3–15 mm long, obtuse, the outer proximally tomentose, the inner glabrous.. Florets many; corolla yellow, the outer orange beneath, tube cylindric, 8–9.5 mm long, distally pilose; ligule 4–6 mm long, 0.5–1 mm wide.. Achenes pale brown, narrowly ellipsoid, slightly flattened, 3–4 mm long, angular and ribbed, rugulose, glabrous; pappus white, 8–10 mm long.
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Leaves glabrous, 5–25 cm. long, the upper cauline being the largest, all leaves runcinate, or pinnately-lobed with a narrowly-winged midrib, or upper leaves and those of the axillary shoots undivided and linear-lanceolate; lateral lobes 2–8, mostly 1–3.5(6.5) x 0.5–1.5(2.3) cm., recurved oblong-lanceolate, asymmetrically tapered, less often 1.5–4 x 0.3–0.5 cm. and narrowly-triangular; midrib lamina 3–14 mm. wide, linear-elliptic; lobe and leaf apices acute to ± attenuate; margins recurved acicular-denticulate; leaf bases amplexicaul and narrowly auriculate-sagittate in lower leaves to rounded-auriculate with sagittate auricle lobes in the upper leaves; ± well developed axillary shoots often present at least in the upper leaves, the young axillary growth densely brown lanate later glabrescent.
A robust herb. It keeps growing from year to year. It can be erect or trailing. It grows 1-2 m long. It is succulent with white latex. The older stems are hollow and become woody at the base. The leaves are alternate. They are divided into lobes along the stalk. The lobes usually curve away from the tip. The wide lobes near the base clasp the stem. The leaves are 15 cm long. The flowers occur in heads. They are yellow. They are about 8 mm across. They are at the ends of branches in the axils of leaves near the top. The fruit are very small and dry. They have stiff straight bristles.
Capitula many, subsessile or shortly-stalked, 2–10 ± densely aggregated in solitary or corymbiformly cymose globose clusters, or clusters much reduced with fewer capitula laxly arranged, mature capitula subtended by 1-several subsessile buds; the bases of the capitula as well as the subtending buds and the capitula stalks covered in a white persistent lanate indumentum, the synflorescence branches and capitula stalks not glandular-setose.
Phyllaries olive-green, few-seriate, imbricate; densely white-lanate outside, later glabrescent towards the apices, rarely also setose outside; the outermost c. 4 mm. long, ovate-lanceolate, eventually swollen below; the innermost 10–15 x 1.5–2.5 mm., oblong-lanceolate, obtuse to rounded at the apices, glabrous, eventually involute.
Achenes pale-brown, 3–4 mm. long, narrowly ellipsoid, ± flattened, c. 4-angular, with ribs on the angles and with smaller ribs in between, the larger ribs becoming thickened and transversely rugulose, glabrous; pappus white, dimorphic, 8–10 mm. long, composed of minutely barbellate setae intermixed with down-like hairs.
Stems trailing or scrambling to c. 2(6) m. long, or erect and up to c. 1 m. tall, 1-several, branched above, leafy throughout or the lowermost leaves withered and the stem leafless below, green or purple-tinged, terete hollow glabrous.
Corollas yellow c. 12–14 mm. long, pubescent about the junction of tube and ligule; ligule 4.5–5 mm. long, oblong becoming orange outside.
Involucres up to c. 16 x 9 mm. in fruiting capitula, ovoid-cylindric to spreading.
A somewhat robust perennial herb from a semi-woody rootstock.
Florets numerous.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support climber
Foliage retention -
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 1.0 - 1.5
Root system -
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Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Roadsides in highland areas, on mountain sides, grasslands, at elevations from 1,500-2,000 metres in Tanzania. Thickets or dense vegetation on forest margins or on forest stream banks, also in disturbed ground.
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It is a tropical plant. In grows in grasslands and on mountain sides. In Tanzania it grows between 1,500-2,000 m above sea level.
Light -
Soil humidity -
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Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

The leaves are chopped and cooked alone or along with other vegetables.
Uses medicinal
Edible leaves
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from seeds.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
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Distribution

Sonchus luxurians world distribution map, present in Burundi, Ethiopia, Kenya, Mozambique, Rwanda, Tanzania, United Republic of, and Uganda

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:250231-1
WFO ID wfo-0000084888
COL ID 4Y9BJ
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Sonchus bipontini f. luxurians Sonchus oliveri-hiernii Sonchus oliveri-hiernii var. luxurians Sonchus luxurians