Sonchus wilmsii R.E.Fr.

Species

Angiosperms > Asterales > Asteraceae > Sonchus

Characteristics

Plante vivace, herbacée, 30-75 cm de hauteur, glabre sauf … la base de capitules, capitules volumineux surtout après leur maturité. Collet ligneux, simple, ±5 mm diam., plein. Tige herbacée, cylindrique, simple, creuse, 3-8 mm diam., glabre, … cannelures étroites. Feuilles du collet 4-7 x 2-3 cm, ± elliptiques, pennipartites, lobes ± triangulaires, marges denticulées, sommet aigu, base engaînante. Feuilles du collet 5-15 x 2.5-8.0 cm, ovales, elliptiques ou ± triangulaires, pennipartites … pinnatiséquées; lobes ±triangulaires … étroitement rectangulaires, 1-4 x 0.5-1.2 cm, lobe terminal souvent plus long et plus large, sommet aigu ou rarement obtus, marges denticulées, assez piquantes, base engaînante et auriculée … oreillettes ±triangulaires et aigues; nervure médiane pro-éminante sur la face inférieure. Pédoncule 2-20 mm, légèrement tomenteux vers le capitule, … ±2 bractées étroitement triangulaires, 3-5 x 1.5 mm. Capitules ±20 x 12 mm avant l'anthèse, volumineux après la maturité (±30 mm diam.), blanc-tomenteux … la base. Nombre de fleurs ±140 par capitule. cailles de l'involucre ±40 … sommet obtus et cilié; les externes 16, coriaces, 6-13 x 2-4 mm; les intermédiaires 13, coriaces, 16-20 x 2.5-3.5 mm; les internes 11, 17-20 x 2 mm. Corolle jaune, 14-17 mm. Ligule 4-6 mm. Tube de la corolle 9-12 mm. Anthères 2.25 mm. Akènes 4.5-5.5 x ±1 mm, crèmes-brunâtres … brunâtres, comprimés, étroitement elliptiques … étroitement obovales, légèrement ridés, … 5 c'tes sur chaque face, la médiane la plus épaisse, marges étroites, assez épaisses. Aigrette ±12 mm, persistante.
More
Glabrous, erect, perennial herb, up to 1 m high, with milky latex. Leaves sessile, oblan-ceolate to panduriform in outline, lanceolate-ovate and smaller upwards, runcinate-dentate throughout or remotely and narrowly lobed pinnatisect throughout, apex acute, mucronate, base semi-amplexicaul or auriculate-sagittate, margins denticulate to sharply and irregularly dentate. Capitula ligulate, few in a reduced, corymbiform-cymose cluster, or aggregated with stalked capitula subtended by subsessile, immature capitula or sometimes capitula solitary on long stalks; involucral bracts imbricate, outer white-woolly at base. Florets 5-lobed, yellow. Flowering time Nov.-Mar. Pappus of minute, white, barbellate bristles intermixed with down-like hairs. Cypselae pale brown, narrowly ellipsoid, slightly compressed, glabrous, ribbed, rugulose.
Perennial herb, up to 1 m high; with milky latex. Stems hollow. Leaves alternate, sessile, amplexicaul; along stem, in a rosette only in juvenile stage; blade obovate in outline, up to 150 x 90 mm, runcinate-pinnatifid or pinnatisect, occasionally panduriform and scarcely cut, narrowed towards base, margins of lobes coarsely, sharply and irregularly dentate, with large, round auricles. Heads ligulate, 20 x 12 mm, several in corymbose panicle, pedunculate. Involucral bracts in several series, imbricate, white-woolly at base. Flowers: ligules yellow inside, pink or reddish outside; Nov. Fruit with cypsela pale brown, narrowly ellipsoid, tapering slightly and equally at both ends, slightly compressed, ribbed, smooth, margins thickened, ± 4.5 mm long. Pappus of barbellate bristles intermixed with down-like hairs.
Leaves sessile, 5–15 x 2.5–6(8) cm., oblanceolate to panduriform in outline, lanceolate-ovate and smaller towards the stem apex, the basal few leaves smaller and evanescent; cauline leaves variable, runcinate-dentate throughout, or remotely and narrowly-lobed pinnatisect throughout, acute mucronate at the apex, semi-amplexicaul or auriculate-sagittate below, denticulate to sharply and irregularly dentate on the margins, glabrous sometimes glaucous.
Achenes pale-brown, c. 4.5 mm. long, narrowly ellipsoid, slightly flattened, glabrous, ribbed; marginal and middle ribs well developed with c. 2 secondary ribs between, the main ribs becoming swollen and rugulose; pappus white copious, 12–14 mm. long, composed of minute barbellate setae and fine down-like hairs.
Phyllaries imbricate, increasing from c. 4 mm. long on the outside to c. 20 x 2 mm. on the inside; the outermost narrowly ovate, becoming subcoriaceous with a thickened midrib, the basal portion eventually swollen; the inner phyllaries narrower, lanceolate-lorate, membranous, puberulous or glabrescent.
Perennial herb, up to 1 m high. Leaves cauline, rosetted only in juvenile stage. Involucre white-woolly at base. Achenes slightly compressed, smooth, margins thickened. Flowers yellow inside, pink or reddish outside.
Capitula 2–7 in a much reduced corymbiform-cymose arrangement, or somewhat aggregated with stalked capitula subtended by subsessile immature capitula, or sometimes the capitula solitary on long branches.
Corollas yellow, c. 18 mm. long, pubescent about the junction of the tube and ligule; ligule often becoming pinkish outside, 4–5 mm. long, oblong.
Involucres c. 20 x 12 mm. in fruiting capitula, cylindric-campanulate to spreading, ± persistently white-lanate below.
Stems simple, somewhat woody below, ± dilated hollow and stout above, glabrous sometimes glaucous, leafy throughout.
An erect perennial herb, up to c. 1 m. tall.
Florets numerous.
A herb.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention -
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 1.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

It is a subtropical plant.
Light -
Soil humidity 1-3
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Uses -
Edible leaves
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Sonchus wilmsii unspecified picture

Distribution

Sonchus wilmsii world distribution map, present in Mozambique, eSwatini, and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:250400-1
WFO ID wfo-0000060758
COL ID 8VFVP
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Sonchus wilmsii