Sophora velutina Lindl.

Species

Angiosperms > Fabales > Fabaceae > Sophora

Characteristics

Shrubs, ca. 2 m high. Young branches, rachis, young branches of flower, and leaf densely velutinous. Leaves 15-20 cm; stipules linear, 6-7 mm, villous; leaflets 13-41, opposite or nearly opposite, ovate-lanceolate, elliptic, elliptic-lanceolate, oblong, or ovate-oblong, 1-4 × 0.5-2 cm, papery, hairy on both surfaces, glabrous, or glabrous adaxially, midvein raised, base rounded or obtuse, apex acuminate or acute with mucro. Ra­cemes opposite with leaf or pseudo-opposite, 15-20(-30) cm. Flowers many, widely spaced; bracts similar to stipule, 6-8 mm, hairy; pedicel short, 2-3 mm. Calyx campanulate, ca. 13 mm; teeth 5, unequal, dark brown hairy. Standard reflexed, ob­ovate-lanceolate or obovate-oblong, ca. 16 × 3-5 mm, apex retuse, narrowing to base; wings oblong, less than 15 mm, base auriculate; keel falcate, slightly shorter than wings. Stamens 10, free or slightly fused at base. Ovary terete, densely yellow pubescent, stalked; ovules 4-6; style straight, glabrous; stigma capitate, very small. Legumes moniliform, slightly compressed, 6-10 × 0.7-1 cm, hairy or nearly glabrous. Seeds 2-4, yellow or yellow-brown, oblong-reniform, ends acute to rounded. Fl. and fr. Apr-Aug.
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Leaves (rachis and petiole) 6–20 cm long, with 6–13 pairs of leaflets; largest lateral leaflets on each leaf 1.2–4(6) × 0.6–1.7(2) cm, ovate to elliptic or rarely slightly obovate, usually very slightly asymmetrical at the base, the terminal leaflet from slightly smaller to slightly larger than the lateral ones and symmetrical, leaflet margins often inrolled beneath.
Young branches, leaf petioles and rachides, inflorescence and calyces subglabrous to densely whitish or brownish pubescent or tomentose; lower surface of leaflets sparsely to densely appressed-pubescent, upper surface glabrous or appressed-pubescent.
Petals purple, pink or whitish; standard 9–15 × 3–6 mm, gradually narrowed towards the base but sometimes with 2 lateral cusps demarcating the base of the limb; wings ± equalling the standard; keel petals slightly shorter than the standard.
Flowers in terminal few-to many-flowered racemes up to 14(20) cm long; bracts 3–16 mm long, linear, caducous or persistent; pedicels 3–7 mm long; bracteoles apparently absent.
Calyx campanulate, 5–9 mm long including the prominent teeth c.2 mm long, the two upper teeth pointed or rounded, slightly to almost completely connate.
Young pods either sparsely to densely closely appressed-pubescent or densely tomentose; mature pods moniliform, with 1–4(6) seeds developed.
Seeds c.8 mm long, ellipsoid, tumid, light brown.
Ovary ± densely pubescent.
Shrub 1–3 m high.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 2.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Light 7-9
Soil humidity 1-6
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity 3-7
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 7-10

Usage

Uses medicinal wood
Edible leaves
Therapeutic use Headache (root), Insect repellents (seed), Lice infestations (seed), Appetite stimulants (stem), Alopecia (unspecified), Hairblack (unspecified), Poison (unspecified), Pediculicide (unspecified), Eye pain (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) 10 - 21
Germination temperacture (C°) 21 - 29
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment soaking
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Sophora velutina unspecified picture

Distribution

Sophora velutina world distribution map, present in Afghanistan, Bhutan, China, Indonesia, India, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Kenya, Mauritius, Malaysia, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Thailand, Tajikistan, Viet Nam, and Zimbabwe

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:518963-1
WFO ID wfo-0000212101
COL ID 6Z6G2
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Edwardsia maderaspatana Sophora philippinensis Sophora mollis Sophora cavaleriei Sophora velutina Sophora dispar Sophora ambigua Sophora velutina var. velutina Sophora glauca Indigofera mairei

Lower taxons

Sophora velutina var. cavaleriei Sophora velutina var. dolichopoda Sophora velutina var. multifoliolata Sophora velutina var. scandens Sophora velutina subsp. velutina Sophora velutina subsp. zimbabweensis