Sparaxis bulbifera Ker Gawl.

Species

Angiosperms > Asparagales > Iridaceae > Sparaxis

Characteristics

Plants 150-300(-500) mm high. Corm 9-15 mm diam., tunics of fine pale fibres. Stem usually with up to three branches from aerial nodes, after flowering bearing several small cormlets at each aerial node as well as below ground. Leaves 5 to 9, narrowly sword-shaped, acute, both basal and cauline, reaching to ± base of spike, 4-11 mm wide, closely veined with prominent main vein. Spike fairly lax, flexed below base of first flower, mostly 2-to 4-flowered; bracts dry, crinkled, uniformly pale or streaked with brown, outer mostly 14-16 mm long, with 3 subequal cusps slightly longer than body of bract, loosely twisted, inner bracts similar but slightly shorter, 2-cusped. Flowers with radially symmetric perianth but unilateral stamens, white but yellow in throat and tube, sometimes with small black spot at base of each tepal, outer tepals often purple outside, usually faint sweet rose-scented; perianth tube funnel-shaped, 14-16 mm long, narrow basal part 5-7 mm long; tepals subequal, narrowly ovate to lanceolate, 25-28 x ± 12 mm. Stamens unilateral but not parallel, abaxial stamen twisted to lie against adaxial tepal; filaments 7-8 mm long; anthers facing inward, 7-8 mm long, white; pollen white. Style unilateral, lying against adaxial tepal, white, dividing at or up to 2 mm beyond anthers tips, branches filiform, ± 10 mm long. Capsules ovoid to oblong, usually barrel-shaped, ± 8 x 6 mm with 9 or 10 seeds per locule, or oblong, ± 11 x 5 mm long with 11 or 12 seeds per locule. Seeds globose, ± 2 mm diam., glossy brown.
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Tufted, grass-like, (10)-20-50-(65) cm high. Corm 0.6-1 × 1-1.5 cm, white; tunic soft, closely woven, grey-brown, fibrous. Leaves (4)-6-9, variable in length, rarely reaching level of lowest flowers, 0.5-1 cm wide, in basal fan, few cauline, bract-like above, sheathing the branches; cormils several in most leaf-axils. Inflorescence 1-8-(15)-flowered, usually branched; spathe-valves 1.5-2 cm long, white with minute brown streaks, ± cuspidate, often shallowly to deeply lacerate, usually red-brown towards tip. Flowers to 4.5 cm long, 4-5 cm diam., almost entirely yellow-cream; tube c. 1.5 cm long, yellow; lobes cream on inside, the outside entirely cream or often broadly streaked with purple, occasionally some lobes or even whole flowers entirely purple. Stamens asymmetric. Capsule light green, 1 cm × 7 mm. Seeds ± globose, 2-2.5 mm diam., reddish-brown.
Herb 15–55 cm high. Corm 1–1.5 cm diam. Leaves 5–9, linear to ensiform, acute, 10–30 cm long, 4–10 mm wide. Scape few-branched. Spike flexuose, 2–6-flowered. Bracts deeply lacerate, with 2–4 subulate cusps, to 2.5 cm long. Flowers funnel-shaped. Perianth tube c. 1.5 cm long, narrow in the lower 5–7 mm, widened above, pale yellow; lobes oblanceolate, subacute, 2.5–2.8 cm long, 1–1.2 cm wide, cream to white, the sepals purple or purple-streaked outside. Stamens unilateral; filaments 7–8 mm long; anthers 7–8 mm long, white. Style arched behind stamens, exceeding anthers; branches filiform, c. 10 mm long, white. Capsules c. 1 cm long. Seeds c. 2 mm diam., black. Bulbils numerous, in all leaf axils.
A herb that keeps growing from year to year. It grows 10-40 cm high. It forms a bulb or corm. This has small corms off the side. The stems are erect, wiry and branching. The leaves are green, narrow and 30 cm long. The flowers are an expanding tube shape. They are in clusters at the ends of branches. The flower petals are cream and purple.
Cormous geophyte, 15-45 cm, stem branched and with axillary cormlets after blooming. Leaves sword-shaped. Flowers nearly actinomorphic, with unilateral stamens and style, white to cream-coloured, outer tepals often purplish on reverse, often faintly sweet scented.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 0.15
Mature height (meter) 0.5 - 0.6
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

It is a temperate plant. It grows in wetlands. They do well in a Mediterranean climate. They will grow in most well-drained soils. They are resistant to frost and drought. In Argentina it grows below 200 m above sea level.
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Garden escape or discard, grows along roadsides, on vacant land, in grassy woodland communities, disturbed bushland.
Sandy or rocky slopes at low altitudes. Wet sandy or limestone flats.
Light 7-9
Soil humidity 4-8
Soil texture 3-6
Soil acidity 3-7
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-10

Usage

Cultivated ornamental in gardens.
Uses environmental use ornamental
Edible bulbs roots tubers
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants are best left for several years undisturbed before dividing the clumps. They can be planted from corms. Plants can be grown from seeds.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) 30 - 90
Germination temperacture (C°) 10 - 12
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -7
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Sparaxis bulbifera unspecified picture

Distribution

Sparaxis bulbifera world distribution map, present in Australia, New Zealand, Portugal, and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:441364-1
WFO ID wfo-0000786083
COL ID 6Z7K5
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Ixia anemoniflora Ixia bulbifera Sparaxis miniata Sparaxis albiflora Belamcanda bulbifera Ixia alba Pardanthus bulbiferus Sparaxis bulbifera