Sphenostylis stenocarpa (hochst. ex A.rich.) Harms

African yam bean (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Fabales > Fabaceae > Sphenostylis

Characteristics

Perennial prostrate or climbing herb 1–3 m. long.. Stems often reddish, glabrous or sparsely puberulous.. Leaflets thin, ovate, elliptic, ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, 2·7–13 cm. long, 0·2–5·5 cm. wide, acute to acuminate at the apex, ± rounded at the base, glabrous or sparsely pubescent on the midrib beneath, sometimes with microscopic black speckling; petiole 2–8 cm. long; rhachis 0·5–2·2 cm. long; petiolules 1–4 mm. long; stipules linear-lanceolate, 2·5 mm. long.. Inflorescences 4–9-flowered; rhachis 2–6·5 cm. long; peduncles 6–27 cm. long; pedicels 2–6 mm. long; bracts and bracteoles deciduous, small, ovate.. Calyx-tube 3–7 mm. long; lobes short, broad and very rounded, 0·5–2 mm. long, minutely ciliolate.. Standard creamy to pink or mauve, sometimes with a darker maroon area at the base outside and a greenish-yellow or white basal blotch inside often edged with pink or purple, round, 1·6–3·5 cm. long, 1·5–4 cm. wide, deeply emarginate; wings cream to pink or mauve; keel slightly twisted, white or greenish, sometimes flushed pink or mauve at the apex.. Pods linear, 10–20 cm. long, 5–8 mm. wide, margined, glabrous.. Seeds orange-brown, almost entirely covered with a black suffusion or speckling, subcylindrical or oblong-ovoid, compressed, longest dimension 4–7 mm., shorter dimension 3·5–5 mm., 2·5–3 mm. thick, microscopically reticulate or shining and sometimes with a few scattered scaly hairs.. Fig. 102.
More
A vigorous climbing vine. It is a herb that grows 1.5-2 m high. The leaves have 3 leaflets. They are 14 cm long and 5 cm wide. The flowers are pink, purple or greenish-white. They are 2.5 cm long. They are on stout stalks in the axils of leaves. The seed pods are smooth. They are flat but have both edges raised. They are 25-30 cm long by 1-1.5 cm wide. The seeds vary in shape, size and colour. They can be 1 cm long by 0.7 cm wide. They can be cream or brown. There are small narrow tubers under the ground. They can be 5-7.5 cm long and weigh 50-150 g. The flesh is white and watery.
Leaflets thin, 2.7–13 × 0.2–7.5 cm, ovate, elliptic, ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, acute to acuminate at the apex, ± rounded at the base, glabrous or sparsely pubescent on the midrib beneath, sometimes with microscopic black speckling; petiole 1.5–8 cm long; rhachis 0.5–2.2 cm long; petiolules 1–4 mm long; stipules 1–5.2 mm long, linear-lanceolate.
Standard creamy to pink or mauve, sometimes with a darker maroon area at the base outside and a greenish-yellow or white basal blotch inside, often edged with pink or purple, 0.5–3.5 × 0.8–4.1 cm, round, deeply emarginate; wings cream-coloured to pink or mauve; keel slightly twisted, white or greenish, sometimes flushed pink or mauve at the apex.
Seeds orange-brown, almost entirely covered with a black suffusion or speckling, 4–7 × 1.9–5.7 × 1.8–5.9 mm, subcylindrical or oblong-ovoid, compressed, microscopically reticulate or shining and sometimes with a few scattered scaly hairs.
Inflorescences 4–9-flowered; rhachis 2–6.5 cm long; peduncles 6–27 cm long; pedicels 0.6–9.7 mm long; bracts and bracteoles deciduous, small, ovate.
Calyx tube 1.8–7 mm long; lobes short, 0.3–3.1 mm long, broad and very rounded, minutely ciliolate.
Perennial prostrate or climbing herb, 1–3 m long from a tuberous rootstock.
Stems often reddish, glabrous or sparsely puberulous, woody near the base.
Pods 4.3–16.3(28) cm × 5–8 mm, linear, margined, glabrous.
Buds green.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support climber
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 2.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 1.5
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Brachystegia woodland, riparian and lakeshore bushland, grassland, roadsides, often in rocky places and on termite mounds, at elevations of 10-1,500, occasionally 2,000 metres.
More
It is a tropical plant. It grows from sea level up to 1800 m altitude. It grows in grassland and woodland and sometimes in marshy sites. It can grow in arid places.
Light 7-9
Soil humidity 4-6
Soil texture 3-6
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 10-12

Usage

The pods, leaves, seeds and tubers are cooked and eaten. They are used in soups or with maize or rice. The hard seeds need to be soaked in water for 12 hours before cooking and being ground. The tubers are cooked and eaten.
Uses environmental use food gene source medicinal ornamental poison vertebrate poison
Edible leaves pods roots seeds tubers
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

It can be grown from seed or tubers.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) 23 - 29
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Sphenostylis stenocarpa unspecified picture

Distribution

Sphenostylis stenocarpa world distribution map, present in Angola, Burundi, Côte d'Ivoire, Cameroon, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Mali, Mozambique, Malawi, Nigeria, Chad, Togo, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:519235-1
WFO ID wfo-0000183997
COL ID 4YY3Z
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Sphenostylis stenocarpa Vigna ornata Dolichos stenocarpus Sphenostylis congensis Sphenostylis stenocarpa var. latifoliolata Vigna ornata var. latifoliolata