Stachys arvensis L.

Staggerweed (en), Epiaire des champs (fr), Épiaire des champs (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Lamiales > Lamiaceae > Stachys

Characteristics

Herbs annual. Stems slender, suberect to decumbent, 30-50 cm, sparsely puberulent, much branched. Stem leaves petiolate; blade ovate, ca. 2 × 1 cm, adaxially sparsely puberulent, abaxially densely pubescent, sparsely puberulent on veins, base cordate, margin crenate, apex obtuse. Verticillasters 2(-4)-flowered, widely spaced; upper floral leaves sessile, base cuneate, margin ± entire, shorter than calyx; bracteoles ca. 1 mm. Pedicel ca. 1 mm. Calyx tubular-campanulate, ca. 3 mm, densely puberulent, 10-veined; teeth subequal, lanceolate-triangular, ca. 1 mm, apex acute; fruiting calyx urceolate, conspicuously netted. Corolla red, ca. 3 mm, nearly included; upper lip ovate, ca. 1 mm, puberulent outside; lower lip spreading, pubescent outside; middle lobe largest, circular; lateral lobes ovate. Nutlets brown, ovoid, ca. 1.5 mm. Fl. and fr. year round.
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Annual herb branching from the base; stems erect or decumbent, simple or branched, 0.2-0.4 m long, hispid-pilose with long spreading hairs. Leaves petiolate; blade broadly ovate, 20-30 x 10-20 mm, appressed-pilose on both surfaces, apex rounded, base shallowly cordate to truncate, margin crenate to crenate-serrate; petiole up to 10 mm long. Inflorescence of several verticils, lax below, crowded towards the apex; verticils (2-)4-6-flowered; bracts leaf-like below, becoming smaller and subequal to the calyx above. Calyx hirsute with long multicellular hairs and some gland-tipped hairs, 6-7 mm long. Corolla scarcely longer than the calyx, mauve; tube 5 mm long; upper lip 1.5 mm long; lower lip 2 mm long.
Hairy, non-aromatic annual with stem to c. 50 cm tall, often much less. Petioles often > lamina in basal lvs, very short in upper lvs. Lamina of basal and upper lvs 1-4 × 0.7-2.5 cm, oblong, ovate or suborbicular, evenly crenate; base truncate to cordate; apex rounded. Bracts sessile, otherwise similar to uppermost foliage lvs. Calyx c. 5 mm long, hairy; teeth ± = tube, linear-lanceolate, acuminate. Corolla 6-7 mm long, pink, somewhat hairy outside; tube = or slightly < calyx; upper lip small, not hooded, < lower lip. Nutlets 1.5-2 mm long, broad-obovoid, bluntly angled, often with blackish, irregular tubercles.
Annual herb, 0.2-0.4 m high; stems erect or decumbent, simple or branching from base; hispid-pilose with long, spreading hairs. Leaves petiolate, broadly ovate, 20-30 x 10-20 mm, base shallowly cordate to truncate, apex rounded, margins crenate to crenate-serrate; appressed-pilose on both surfaces. Inflorescence of several verticils, lax below, crowded towards apex; verticillasters 2-6-flowered. Flowers very small, up to 7 mm long, mauve. Calyx hirsute with long, multicellular hairs and some gland-tipped hairs. Corolla scarcely longer than calyx; tube 5 mm; upper lip 1.5 mm and lower lip 2 mm long.
Taprooted annual; stems diffuse or decumbent, 2–6 dm, sparsely hirsute; lvs broadly ovate, 2–4 cm, broadly obtuse or rounded at the summit, coarsely serrate, truncate or subcordate at base; petioles of the main lvs a third to half as long as the blade; cal-lobes nearly as long as the tube; cor anthocyanic to white, 6–8 mm, scarcely exceeding the cal; 2n=10, 20. Native of Europe, now an occasional weed from Me. to Va. and casually inland. July–Oct.
Hairy annual to 40 cm. Leaves petiolate, broadly ovate, toothed. Flowers in verticils, calyx softly hairy, corolla scarcely longer than calyx, mauve or white.
Life form annual
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination autogamy
Spread epizoochory
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.15 - 0.4
Root system tap-root
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture 3-6
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 5-11

Usage

Uses medicinal poison
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) 15 - 30
Germination temperacture (C°) 21
Germination luminosity light
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Stachys arvensis habit picture by Prieta Javier (cc-by-sa)
Stachys arvensis habit picture by laurent boniface (cc-by-sa)
Stachys arvensis habit picture by Llandrich anna (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Stachys arvensis leaf picture by Olivier Eudes (cc-by-sa)
Stachys arvensis leaf picture by dewara (cc-by-sa)
Stachys arvensis leaf picture by dewara (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Stachys arvensis flower picture by JustynaH (cc-by-sa)
Stachys arvensis flower picture by JustynaH (cc-by-sa)
Stachys arvensis flower picture by Serge Aymard (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Stachys arvensis fruit picture by Sylvain Piry (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Stachys arvensis world distribution map, present in Afghanistan, Albania, Austria, Bermuda, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Canada, Switzerland, China, Czech Republic, Germany, Denmark, Algeria, Spain, France, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Morocco, Mali, Malaysia, Norfolk Island, Netherlands, New Zealand, Palau, Poland, Puerto Rico, Portugal, Paraguay, Senegal, Sweden, Turks and Caicos Islands, Tunisia, Taiwan, Province of China, Uruguay, United States of America, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:459319-1
WFO ID wfo-0000313721
COL ID 4ZFC6
BDTFX ID 65870
INPN ID 124744
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Stachys brasiliensis Glechoma marrubiastrum Glechoma arvensis Glechoma belgica Cardiaca arvensis Trixago arvensis Trixago colorata Trixago cordifolia Trixella arvensis Stachys arvensis var. bermudiana Stachys arvensis var. lamiiformis Trixago punctata Stachys arvensis var. typica Stachys arvensis