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Herbs erect perennials or diffuse annuals, rarely subshrubs or shrubs, sometimes rhizomatous. Verticillasters 2-to many flowered, in terminal spikes. Pedicel short or obsolete. Calyx tubular-campanulate, obconical or tubular, 5-or 10-veined; teeth 5, equal or posterior 3 larger, acute to bristlelike, or spinescent. Corolla red, purple, yellow, gray, or white, 2-lipped; tube cylindric, nearly always villous annulate inside, sometimes saccate, incurved at apex, throat not dilated; upper lip straight or subpatent; lower lip longer, 3-lobed, middle lobe entire or emarginate, lateral lobes shorter. Stamens 4, reaching upper lip of corolla, anterior 2 longer and curved laterally at corolla throat; anther cells 2, conspicuous, parallel or divergent. Style apex subequally 2-cleft, lobes subulate. Nutlets ovoid to oblong, smooth or tuberculate, apex obtuse to rounded.
Annual or perennial herbs, less commonly small shrubs; rhizomes present or 0; tubers occasionally present. Lvs simple, usually toothed. Verticels of 2-many fls in dense or lax axillary or terminal spikes, rarely infl. capitate. Bracts usually different to foliage lvs; bracteoles present or 0. Calyx tubular to campanulate or almost funnelform, not gibbous at base, 5-10-nerved, regular, rarely slightly 2-lipped; teeth usually subequal, acute to aristate. Corolla 2-lipped, hairy outside; tube usually exserted from calyx; upper lip flat to deeply concave, entire or 2-fid; lower lip 3-lobed, the middle lobe largest and usually > upper lip. Stamens ± exserted; anther cells parallel or divergent. Style gynobasic, its branches subequal. Nutlets obovoid or oblong, sometimes ± trigonous; apex rounded.
Cal nearly regular, 5–10-nerved, the lobes triangular to nearly lanceolate, acute or aristate; cor strongly 2-lipped, the tube about equaling the cal, the upper lip subgaleately rounded, entire or emarginate, the lower lip spreading or deflexed, 3-lobed; stamens 4, ascending under the upper lip, the lower pair slightly the longer; nutlets ovoid or oblong, usually hairy; herbs, usually hairy, with anthocyanic to white or yellow fls in small, dense axillary cymes subtended by reduced lvs, forming a terminal, loose or dense, usually interrupted spike. Perhaps 200, mainly N. Temp. Spp. 2–8 are intergradient, and further study might lead to a more conservative treatment.
Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves opposite, crenate or serrate. Verticillasters axillary and in terminal spike-like inflorescence. Calyx campanulate, 10-nerved; teeth 5, unequal, less distinctly 2-lipped. Corolla usually with a ring of hairs within; upper lip ascending, concave, entire; lower lip spreading, 3-lobed, the midlobe the largest. Stamens 4, subequal ascending; anthers 2-celled, the cells divaricate (in Mal. spp.); filaments glabrous. Style 2-fid, the branches subequal. Nutlets ovoid, obtuse above, subtriquetrous below, glabrous.
