Stachys sylvatica L.

Hedge woundwort (en), Ortie puante (fr), Ortie à crapauds (fr), Épiaire des forêts (fr), Épiaire des bois (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Lamiales > Lamiaceae > Stachys

Characteristics

Herbs perennial. Stems erect or slightly flexuous, 30-120 cm, branched toward apex, hispid, angles glandular puberulent. Petiole slender, 3-6.5 cm; stem leaf blades ovate-cordate, 8-12 × 5-9.5 cm, adaxially shiny, appressed villous-hispid, abaxially gray-green, yellowish glandular, villous-hispid along veins, base cordate, margin coarsely callose crenate-serrate, apex acuminate. Spikes 10-20 cm; verticillasters 6(-8)-flowered, widely spaced; lower floral leaves petiolate, 10-15 × 2-4 mm, margin dentate; upper floral leaves sessile, oblong-lanceolate, slightly longer than verticillasters, margin entire; bracteoles minute or absent. Pedicel ca. 1 mm. Calyx tubular-campanulate, ca. 7 mm, spreading hispid, glandular puberulent, 10-veined, accessory veins inconspicuous; teeth triangular-lanceolate, 2-3 mm, subequal, apex spinescent; fruiting calyx slightly saccate-dilated. Corolla red to purple, ca. 1.4 cm, sparsely puberulent; tube straight, ± saccate; upper lip straight, oblong, ca. 5 × 3 mm; lower lip spreading, ca. 7 × 6 mm; middle lobe subcircular, emarginate; lateral lobes ovate. Filaments villous below middle. Style nearly exserted. Nutlets dark brown, triquetrous, ovoid, glabrous. Fl. Jul-Aug, fr. Aug.
More
Rhizomatous, strongly aromatic or foetid perennial herb, to 80-(100) cm tall, densely hirsute, with many glandular hairs, also with sessile, white, glandular scales. Petioles to 7 cm long in lower lvs, often much less in upper lvs. Lamina 5-10 × 3-6 cm, usually ovate, sometimes oblong-ovate, deeply crenate-serrate and teeth often mucronulate; base cordate; apex acute. Bracts remotely toothed or entire, very different from foliage lvs. Calyx 6-8 mm long; tube > teeth; teeth c. 3 mm long, narrow-triangular, acuminate, ± purple. Corolla 12-16 mm long, reddish purple with whitish markings on the downward curved, spathulate, lower lip; tube exserted from calyx; upper lip hooded, with dense simple and glandular hairs outside; lower lip c. 9 mm long × 8 mm across lateral lobes, > upper lip. Nutlets c. 1.5-2 mm diam., broad-obovoid or suborbicular, trigonous, smooth, almost black.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread epizoochory
Mature width (meter) 0.1 - 0.5
Mature height (meter) 0.8 - 0.9
Root system rhizome
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Woodland, hedgebanks and shady waste places, usually on rich soils.
Light 3-7
Soil humidity 4-7
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity 2-7
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 5-8

Usage

Uses dye fiber medicinal
Edible -
Therapeutic use Antiseptic (unspecified), Dysentery (unspecified), Emmenagogue (unspecified), Hemostat (unspecified), Spasm (unspecified), Tonic (unspecified), Tumor (unspecified), Emetic (unspecified), Expectorant (unspecified), Sedative (unspecified), Diuretics (unspecified), Gout (unspecified), Hypnotics and sedatives (unspecified), Menstruation-inducing agents (unspecified), Parasympatholytics (unspecified), General tonic for rejuvenation (unspecified), Vertigo (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by divisions or seedlings.
Mode divisions seedlings
Germination duration (days) 15 - 30
Germination temperacture (C°) 21
Germination luminosity light
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Stachys sylvatica habit picture by Martine (cc-by-sa)
Stachys sylvatica habit picture by Michel PATRIS (cc-by-sa)
Stachys sylvatica habit picture by Kai Best (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Stachys sylvatica leaf picture by Gregory Brouilliard (cc-by-sa)
Stachys sylvatica leaf picture by Martine (cc-by-sa)
Stachys sylvatica leaf picture by Christian TANGUY (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Stachys sylvatica flower picture by Martine (cc-by-sa)
Stachys sylvatica flower picture by jonathan (cc-by-sa)
Stachys sylvatica flower picture by michael johnsdorf (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Stachys sylvatica fruit picture by jonathan (cc-by-sa)
Stachys sylvatica fruit picture by Michel PATRIS (cc-by-sa)
Stachys sylvatica fruit picture by Kai Best (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Stachys sylvatica world distribution map, present in Albania, Austria, Bulgaria, Belarus, Canada, Switzerland, China, Czech Republic, Germany, Denmark, Spain, Finland, France, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Italy, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Netherlands, Norway, New Zealand, Pakistan, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, Sweden, Turks and Caicos Islands, Ukraine, and United States of America

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:460020-1
WFO ID wfo-0000314658
COL ID 4ZFZC
BDTFX ID 65969
INPN ID 124814
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Stachys glaucescens Stachys sylvatica Stachys trapezuntea Stachys cordata Stachys cordato-folia Stachys foetida Stachys canariensis