Streblus asper Lour.

Species

Angiosperms > Rosales > Moraceae > Streblus

Characteristics

Shrub or tree up to 10(-15) m tall, much-branched, branches often drooping; lower ones (often?) prostrate, monoecious or dioecious. Leafy twigs 1-2 mm thick, whitish puberulous. Leaves distichous; lamina elliptic to obovate or subobovate, 1-8(-13) by 0.5-3.5(-6.5) cm, coriaceous to subcoriaceous, apex (sub)acuminate to acute, base rounded to subcordate to obtuse, margin crenate to dentate; upper surface sparsely whitish hispidulous to puberulous, ± scabrous (or almost smooth); lower surface whitish hispidulous to puberulous, ± scabrous; midrib ± prominent in the lower part of the lamina, ± impressed in the upper part, lateral veins 4-7(-8) pairs, tertiary venation reticulate (to subscalariform); petiole 0.1-0.3(-0.5) cm long, whitish puberulous; stipules 0.3-0.5 cm long, puberulous, caducous (or subpersistent). Staminate inflorescences axillary, in pairs or solitary, capitate; peduncle 0.2-1.5 cm long, sparsely minutely whitish puberulous; head 0.4-1 cm diam.; flowers 4-15; perianth 1.5-2 mm long, whitish minutely puberulous; stamens 2-2.5 mm long, anthers c. 1 mm long; bracts few, basally attached, 0.5-2 mm long, sparsely minutely puberulous. Pistillate inflorescences axillary, in pairs or solitary, uniflorous (or biflorous); peduncle 0.4-1.5 cm long, minutely whitish puberulous; tepals 2-2.5 mm long, minutely puberulous, in fruit 5-8 mm long, reflexed; ovary c. 1 mm long, style c. 1 mm long, elongating up to 3 mm, stigmas 2-4 mm long, elongating up to 12 mm; bracts few, basally attached, 0.5-2 mm long, sparsely minutely puberulous. Drupe (sub)globose, 0.6-0.8 cm long, indehiscent, yellow to orange at maturity.
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Trees or shrubs; monoecious or dioecious. Bark dark gray, scabrous. Branchlets with short stiff hairs; lenticels conspicuous when young. Stipules small, caducous. Leaves shortly petiolate or sessile; leaf blade elliptic-obovate to elliptic, 2.5-6 × 2-3.5 cm, leathery, scabrous, base obtuse to ± cordate, margin entire or irregularly crenate, apex blunt to shortly acuminate; secondary veins 4-7 on each side of midvein. Bisexual inflorescences capitate with 1 central sessile female flower surrounded by male flowers. Male inflorescences solitary or paired, capitate; peduncle 8-10 mm, pubescent; bracts few, at inflorescence base, none between flowers, small, narrowly elliptic; bracteoles 2, at base of calyx, larger than bracts. Female inflorescences pedunculate; bracts 1 or 2, at base of peduncle, minute; bracteoles at base of calyx. Male flowers: subsessile; pistillode conic to cylindric, apically tuberculate. Female flowers: calyx lobes pubescent; ovary globose; style apically branched, 6-12 mm in fruit. Drupes yellow, globose, ca. 6 mm in diam., indehiscent, enclosed by enlarged calyx lobes when immature, without a fleshy base. Fl. Feb-Apr, fr. May-Jun.
A tree up to 15 m high and 30 cm across the trunk. It is a scraggly tree with stiff branches. The bark is smooth and grey. The small branches are hairy and interwoven. The leaves are alternate and 4 to 12 cm long by 1-4 cm wide. They have a narrow base and a pointed tip. There are narrow teeth along the edge. They are somewhat rough textured. The flowers are yellow or green and small. Male flowers are in round masses and female flowers occur singly. The fruit are oval and pale yellow. They are red when mature. They are 8 to 10 mm long and fleshy with seeds 5 to 6 mm long. The fruit are sweet and edible.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 11.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) 0.4
Flower color -
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A tropical plant. They are widely distributed in the Philippines in areas of shrub at low altitudes and very common in regions with a very long dry season. Plants can tolerate heat, drought and flood. In Nepal is grows up to 500 m altitude. In India is grows in deciduous forests. In China it grows near villages and in forests between 200-1000 m altitude in S China. In XTBG Yunnan.
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Found in seasonal climates, it is absent from the rain forest. It is found in the surroundings of villages, open areas, borders of rice fields and secondary forest at elevations from sea-level to 1,000 metres.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-12

Usage

The fruit are eaten raw when ripe. They are also used for juice. They should possibly not be eaten in large amounts. The sap contains a milk clotting enzyme used to coagulate milk. The young leaves are cooked and eaten.
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UsesThe fruits are edible, sweet and the leaves can be used as cattle fodder.
Uses animal food eating fiber fodder invertebrate food material medicinal paper poison social use wood
Edible fruits leaves stems
Therapeutic use Abdominal pain (bark), Anti-infective agents, local (bark), Antipyretics (bark), Chylous ascites (bark), Diarrhea (bark), Dysentery (bark), Fever (bark), Filariasis (bark), Hypnotics and sedatives (bark), Inflammation (bark), Lymphadenitis (bark), Lymphedema (bark), Neuralgia (bark), Pneumonia (bark), Urination disorders (bark), Wound healing (bark), Wounds and injuries (bark), Antineoplastic agents (flower), Antineoplastic agents (leaf), Edema (leaf), Eye diseases (leaf), Galactogogues (leaf), Hyperhidrosis (leaf), Lactation disorders (leaf), Lymphadenitis (leaf), Menorrhagia (leaf), Pneumonia (leaf), Elephantiasis (plant exudate), Hemorrhage (plant exudate), Hemostatics (plant exudate), Hypnotics and sedatives (plant exudate), Mumps (plant exudate), Neuralgia (plant exudate), Anticonvulsants (root), Antipyretics (root), Bronchitis (root), Cough (root), Diarrhea (root), Dysentery (root), Elephantiasis (root), Fever (root), Furunculosis (root), Hemoptysis (root), Hemorrhage (root), Hemostasis (root), Inflammation (root), Sinusitis (root), Snake bites (root), Syphilis (root), Ulcer (root), Wound healing (root), Wounds and injuries (root), Diarrhea (seed), Epistaxis (seed), Hemorrhoids (seed), Vitiligo (seed), Periodontal diseases (stem), Tooth diseases (stem), Antiseptic (unspecified), Boil (unspecified), Dentifrice (unspecified), Diarrhea (unspecified), Dysentery (unspecified), Fever (unspecified), Fumitory (unspecified), Gravel (unspecified), Lactagogue (unspecified), Lactogogue (unspecified), Leucoderma (unspecified), Menorrhagia (unspecified), Neuralgia (unspecified), Parturition (unspecified), Piles (unspecified), Pyorrhea (unspecified), Rinderpest (unspecified), Sedative (unspecified), Syphilis (unspecified), Tea (unspecified), Tumor (unspecified), Adenopathy (unspecified), Chafe (unspecified), Epistaxis (unspecified), Rennet (unspecified), Wound (unspecified), Ache(Stomach) (unspecified), Bubo (unspecified), Cancer (unspecified), Cardiac (unspecified), Cholera (unspecified), Colic (unspecified), Sore (unspecified), Swelling (unspecified), Weak-Pulse (unspecified), Anti-infective agents, local (unspecified), Astringents (unspecified), Insecticides (unspecified), Mumps (unspecified), Neoplasms (unspecified), Skin diseases (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants are grown from seed. The seeds are often spread by termites. Plants can be grown from root suckers. It can also be grown from cuttings.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Streblus asper leaf picture by Dieter Albrecht (cc-by-sa)
Streblus asper leaf picture by Quang-Vuong Le (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Streblus asper fruit picture by Trinh Tram (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Streblus asper world distribution map, present in Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, Spain, Indonesia, India, Iceland, Cambodia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Malaysia, Nepal, Philippines, Thailand, Uruguay, and Viet Nam

Conservation status

Streblus asper threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:856662-1
WFO ID wfo-0001230839
COL ID 52X5G
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Trophis cochinchinensis Streblus lactescens Albrandia gaudichaudii Albrandia orientalis Albrandia spinosa Albrandia timorensis Epicarpurus asper Epicarpurus gaudichaudii Achymus pallens Calius lactescens Cudrania crenata Diplothorax tonkinensis Epicarpurus orientalis Vanieria crenata Trophis aspera Streblus asper