Tree up to 12 m tall, rarely with up to 0.5 cm long axillary thorns, dioecious or sometimes monoecious. Leafy twigs 1-2.5 mm thick, minutely brownish puberulous, mostly only unilaterally, or glabrous, young parts often ± compressed (often drying yellowish). Leaves distichous; lamina elliptic to subovate to subobovate or to narrowly ovate, 6-22 by 2-7.5 cm, often ± asymmetric, subcoriaceous, apex acuminate to subcaudate, acumen acute, base rounded to obtuse to cuneate, margin subentire to crenate-dentate to denticulate; upper surface glabrous; lower surface glabrous or whitish (minutely) appressedly puberulous on the midrib; midrib ± impressed above, lateral veins 6-10 pairs, tertiary venation subscalariform to reticulate; petiole 0.2-0.8 cm long, glabrous or whitish minutely puberulous, often adaxially more densely; stipules 0.2-1 cm long, subglabrous or appressedly puberulous, subpersistent or caducous, terminal bud slender, ± aculeate when dry. Staminate inflorescences axillary, solitary, spicate; peduncle 0.2-0.4 cm long, minutely puberulous; spike 1.5-14 cm long; flowers numerous; perianth 1-1.2 mm long, minutely puberulous; stamens c. 2 mm long, anthers 0.6-0.8 mm long; bracts basally attached, 0.3-0.8 mm long, sparsely minutely puberulous. Pistillate inflorescences axillary, solitary, racemose (or uniflorous); peduncle 0.2-1 cm long, minutely puberulous; flowers (1-)2-10; pedicel 0.5-10 mm long, minutely puberulous; tepals 1-2 mm long, minutely puberulous, in fruit the outer ones 2-4 mm long, the inner ones 7-10 mm long; ovary c. 1 mm long, style c. 1 mm long, stigmas 1.5-3 mm long; bracts basally attached, 0.3-1 mm long, minutely puberulous. Drupe 1-1.4 cm long, dehiscent, whitish; endocarp body 0.8-1 cm long.
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Scandent shrubs; dioecious. Bark gray. Branchlets angular, without spines. Stipules tapered, 4-5 mm. Leaves on branchlets yellowish green when dry; petiole 3-5 mm; leaf blade elliptic to obovate-elliptic, 8-16 × 3-6 cm, membranous to papery, densely covered with cystoliths, base cuneate to obtuse and ± asymmetric, margin entire or ± undulate, apex caudate; midvein abaxially prominent and adaxially flat, secondary veins 5 or 6 on each side of midvein, abaxially conspicuous, and adaxially inconspicuous. Bisexual inflorescences absent. Male inflorescences spicate, 4-14 cm. Female inflorescences shortly spicate, 4-8-flowered; bracts ovate-lanceolate to reniform. Male flowers: sessile; calyx lobes 4; pistillode small. Female flowers: subsessile; calyx lobes 4, ± orbicular, margin inflexed and ciliate; ovary obliquely ovoid. Drupes globose, ca. 1.5 cm in diam., dehiscent, basally fleshy on one side. Fl. Apr.