Strophanthus gerrardii Stapf

Species

Angiosperms > Gentianales > Apocynaceae > Strophanthus

Characteristics

Shrub or slender climber, glabrous, bark at first reddish-brown, lenticellate, becoming greyish with age, the older stems developing marked corky, irregular outgrowths and longitudinal ridges. Leaves ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 2.5-5.5 cm long and 1-2 cm broad, base acute to obtuse, apex acute to acuminate; secondary nerves 4-6 on each side, indistinct; petiole 2-4 mm long; axillary glands present. Inflorescence reduced to a single flower, terminal on short branchlets, produced with the leaves, glabrous; bracts linear, 5-6 mm long, early deciduous; pedicels 7-11 mm long. Flowers tube pink to mauve, lobes yellow. Calyx glabrous, 5-9 mm long; sepals linear-subulate from a triangular base, acuminate, recurved towards the apex, each with two small glands, often toothed, at the base of each sepal. Corolla glabrous without, puberulous within; tube cylindrical at the base for 3-4 mm then abruptly enlarging and tubular-campanulate for 1-1.4 cm, and 8-10 mm broad at the mouth; lobes long-linear, spreading, 3-4 cm long; throat-scales short, long-triangular, puberulous. Stamens included; filaments 2 mm long, pubescent on the inner surface; anthers polliniferous in the upper half, 7-8 mm long, terminating in a fine point 2-5 mm long. Ovary of 2 free carpels, glabrous; style 6-7 mm long; stigma enclosed by the anthers, capitate, with a reflexed frill at the base. Fruit of 2 follicular mericarps, eventually spreading at 180° or reflexed; follicles 15-20 cm long and 2-3 cm broad near the base, tapering gradually to an acute apex, pale-brown, rough and freely dotted with lenticels. Seeds oblong, acuminate, 10-12 mm long, finely tomentose, light brown; awn plumose, 7-8 cm long, with a naked stalk 2.5-3 cm long; cotyledons broadly oblong; endosperm scanty.
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Corolla tube 14–25 mm. long, widening at 1/7-1/4 of its length into a cylindrical or slightly infundibuliform upper part, at the mouth 6–13 mm. wide, glabrous outside and puberulous inside; corona lobes subulate, (1·3)2–5 x 1–1·6 mm. puberulous; corolla lobes ovate, 5–10 x 3–6 mm., gradually narrowing into the spreading tails; lobes (including the tails) 30–59 mm. long, glabrous on both sides but puberulous near the base.
Leaves petiolate; petiole 1–6 mm. long, lamina ovate, narrowly ovate, or elliptic, 1·7–4(5) times as long as wide, 3–6 x 1–2 cm., cuneate at the base, rounded or acuminate at the apex, rarely acuminate (acumen up to 3 mm. long), sometimes with a revolute margin, chartaceous or thinly coriaceous, glabrous with 3–6(8) pairs of secondary veins; tertiary venation inconspicuous.
Shrub or slender climber. Leaves glabrous, 10-20 mm broad. Flower parts glabrous. Calyx lobes shorter than 10 mm and 1-2 mm broad, linear-subulate, recurved. Corolla lobes spreading, 30-50 mm long. Plumose awn on seed with naked stalk 20-30 mm long. Flowers with pink to mauve tube, lobes yellow.
Follicles divergent at an angle of 180–230°, tapering into a narrow obtuse apex, sometimes apically curved inwards at the apex, 11–24 cm. long and 1·5–2 cm. in diam.; exocarp brown or red-brown, thick and hard, glabrous, very densely lenticellate.
Trunk up to 2·5 cm. in diam., older branches with longitudinal corky ridges up to 6 cm. long and 1·5 cm. high, younger branches with triangular flat protuberances at the nodes; branchlets glabrous.
Seeds with the grain 10–18 x 2·2–4 mm., densely pubescent; rostrum glabrous for 18–40 mm. and bearing a coma for 25–65 mm.; coma 45–85 mm. long.
Stamens included for (0·6)2·7–6 mm., filaments straight or slightly curved, anthers 6·4–8·6 x 1–1·5 mm., glabrous; acumen 1·8–3·8 mm. long.
Sepals subequal, recurved for half their length, ovate or narrowly ovate, 2–6 times as long as wide, 3–10 x 1·5–2·5 mm., acute, glabrous.
Ovary 0·9–2 x 1·7–2·8 mm., glabrous; style 4·5–7 mm. long, smooth or wrinkled; clavuncula 1·4–2 x 1·3–1·9 mm., stigma 0·2–0·7 mm. high.
Inflorescence l–2(5)-flowered, glabrous in all parts; pedicels 3–10 mm. long; bracts sepal-like.
Liana, 3–12 m. high, deciduous, flowers appearing before or with the leaves; latex white.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support climber
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 1.53 - 4.03
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

In coastal 'sand' forest or riverine forest, often in rocky places, at elevations up to 100 metres.
Light -
Soil humidity 1-3
Soil texture 7-8
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Uses material medicinal
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Strophanthus gerrardii unspecified picture

Distribution

Strophanthus gerrardii world distribution map, present in Mozambique, eSwatini, and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:81886-1
WFO ID wfo-0000317271
COL ID 6ZZ25
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Strophanthus gerrardii