Strophanthus luteolus Codd

Species

Angiosperms > Gentianales > Apocynaceae > Strophanthus

Characteristics

Scandent shrub or climber 3-8 m high; branchlets shortly crisped-tomentose, glabrescent with age; bark reddish brown, lenticellate. Leaves shortly petioled, drying dark green or brownish above, paler below, subglabrous or sparingly pubescent with scattered hairs along the midrib and margin, eventually glabrescent, ovate-elliptic to elliptic-oblong, 2.5-4.5 cm long and 1-1.5 cm broad, base obtuse to acute, apex acute to rounded, occasionally emarginate; secondary nerves 4-6 on each side, distinct; margin incurved; petiole 2-4 mm long; axillary glands small, tooth-like. Inflorescence terminal, usually on short lateral shoots, 1-3-flowered, pubescent; bracts linear, acute, 9-10 mm long, pubescent; pedicels 7-10 mm long, crisped tomentose. Flowers yellowish with purple markings in the throat and on the outside of the tube. Calyx 1-1.3 cm long; sepals linear-lanceolate, tapering gradually to the apex, shortly pubescent. Corolla shortly and densely pubescent without and within; tube sub-cylindric for 6 mm then widening gradually to a funnel-shaped portion 7 mm long and 7-9 mm broad at the mouth; lobes lanceolate at the base, attenuate into linear-filiform appendages, pendulous, 5-8 cm long, shortly pubescent on both surfaces; throat scales lanceolate,2.5 mm long. Stamens included; filaments thick, 1 mm long, pubescent; anthers connivent, lanceolate, 3.5-4 mm long, acuminate, shortly apiculate, sagittate, polliniferous in the upper half, hairy on the back. Ovary of 2 free carpels densely pubescent; style 7-8 mm long; stigma enclosed by the anthers, capitate, with a reflexed frill at the base. Follicles narrowly spindle-shaped, reddish-brown, about 22 cm long and 1.5 cm in diameter, lenticellate, tapering gradually then abruptly thickened at the apex.
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Corolla tube 10–18 mm. long and widening at 1/2-2/3 of its length into a cyathiform upper part, at the mouth 6–12 mm. wide, puberulous on both sides except for the base inside; corona lobes Ungulate or subulate, 1·5–3·5 x 1–2 mm. minutely papillose or minutely puberulous; corolla lobes ovate, 4–8 x 2·8–5·5 mm., abruptly narrowing into pendulous tails; lobes (including the tails) 36·86 mm. long, puberulous on both sides except for the apex.
Leaves petiolate; petiole 1–5 mm. long; lamina elliptic, obovate, or rarely ovate, 1·4–3(4·6) times as long as wide, 2·5–6·5 x 1·1–3·1 cm., cuneate at the base, rounded, mucronate, acute, or acuminate at the apex (acumen 1–3(7) mm. long), membranaceous or papyraceous, glabrous or sparsely to densely puberulous, with 4–6(8) pairs of secondary veins; tertiary venation conspicuous beneath.
Scandent shrub or climber, 3-8 m high. Flower parts and branchlets pubescent. Calyx lobes 10-13 mm long and 2-3 mm broad. Corolla lobes pendulous, 50-80 mm long. Plumose awn on seed with naked stalk 20-30 mm long. Flowers yellowish with purple markings in throat and on outside of tube.
Follicles divergent at an angle of 180–200°, long-tapering towards the apex and ending in a small knob, 16–29 cm. long and 1–1·5 cm. in diam.; exocarp brown, fairly thick and hard, densely pubescent in young fruits and glabrescent in older fruits, densely lenticellate.
Stamens included for 0·5–2 mm.; filaments curved, 0·9–1·1 mm. high, puberulous or pubescent; anthers 3·3–4·5 x 1–1·3 mm., glabrous, except for a small pubescent patch around the filament; acumen 0·2–0·3 m. long.
Ovary 0·7–1·8 x 1·1–2·4 mm., pubescent in the upper part or all over with erect hairs; style 7–9·6 mm. long; clavuncula 0·9–1·1 x 0·8 x 1·2 mm.; stigma minute.
Inflorescence 1(6)-flowered, sessile or pedunculate, fairly congested if branched, puberulous in all parts; pedicels 3–13 mm. long; bracts sepal-like.
Seed with the grain 12–17 x 2–3 mm., densely short-pubescent; rostrum glabrous for 28–45 mm. and bearing a coma for 30–45 mm.; coma 58–80 mm. long.
Liana, 2–6 m. high; deciduous, flowers and leaves appearing at the same time; latex white or yellow.
Sepals subequal, elliptic or narrowly ovate, 5–14·8 x 1–4 mm., acute, puberulous.
Roots semi-tuberous; trunk up to 1–25 cm. in diam.; branchlets puberulous.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support climber
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 3.0 - 6.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

In 'sand' forest on dunes near the coast at elevations up to 100 metres.
Light -
Soil humidity 1-3
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Uses medicinal poison
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Distribution

Strophanthus luteolus world distribution map, present in Mozambique and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:81917-1
WFO ID wfo-0000317302
COL ID 6ZYP3
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Strophanthus luteolus