Strophanthus sarmentosus Dc.

Strophanthus (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Gentianales > Apocynaceae > Strophanthus

Characteristics

Sarmentose shrub 0.5–4 m high, or liana to 40 m long, deciduous, the flowers appearing before or with the leaves; trunk to 17 cm in diameter, bark pale brown, corky, deeply fissured; branches lenticellate, with many corky protuberances to 1 cm high; branchlets dark or reddish brown, glabrous or rarely minutely puberulous.. Leaves opposite, ternate, or rarely quaternate; blade elliptic or ovate, 2–15 cm long, 1.5–7 cm wide, base rounded or cuneate, apex acuminate, glabrous; petiole 2–21 mm long.. Inflorescence terminal or in forks, 1–11-flowered, sessile or pedunculate, congested; pedicels 2–12 mm long.. Flowers fragrant; sepals purple and green, ovate or elliptic, 5–20 mm long, acute; corolla tube white and turning yellow proximally, pink and turning purple distally, the inside white streaked with red, 17–40 mm long, corolla lobes white turning yellow, ovate, 7–20 mm long, 6–18 mm wide, narrowing into the pale yellow 4–12 cm long pendulous tails, corona lobes 5–22 mm long.. Fruit brown or purple-brown, the mericarps ± opposite-divergent, narrowly ovoid, 10–28 cm long, 1.4–4.4 cm in diameter, slightly sulcate, lenticellate, glabrous; seeds 8–20 mm long, densely pubescent, with a stalked coma 4–16 cm long.
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Shrubs stolon bearing, to 4 m tall, deciduous, latex clear or white. Branches densely lenticellate, branchlets dark or reddish brown. Petiole 0.2-2.1 cm; leaf blade elliptic or ovate, 2-15 X 1.5-7 cm, papery or thinly leathery, apex acuminate, acumen 0.2-2 cm; lateral veins 3-6 pairs, glabrous. Pedicel to 1.2 cm, puberulent. Sepals ovate or elliptic, 0.5-2 cm, puberulent. Corolla yellow-white outside, purple-yellow inside; tube 1.7-4 cm, glabrous outside; lobes including tail to 13.5 cm, pendulous. Anthers included. Ovary puberulent. Follicles 10-28 X 2.2-4.4 cm, apex obtuse. Seeds 0.8-2 cm, beak to 8 cm, coma 2.5-10.5 cm. Fl. Dec-May. 2n = 18.
Fruiting follicles horizontally spreading, thick and woody, about 8 in. long and 1-1 1/2 in. broad.
A stout, glabrous climber up to about 20 ft. high
Long-tailed flowers, pale yellow to almost white
A vine or creeper. The stem is 20 cm across.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support climber
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 0.2
Mature height (meter) 5.05
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

It is a tropical plant. In Nigeria it has been recorded at 230 and 1,500 m above sea level. It grows on the edge of the forest.
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Rain forest, gallery forest and thickets, at elevations from sea-level up to 1,400 metres.
Light 7-9
Soil humidity 3-5
Soil texture 3-4
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 10-11

Usage

Uses environmental use food material medicinal poison social use
Edible fruits
Therapeutic use Poison(Arrow) (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) 1
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Flower

Strophanthus sarmentosus flower picture by Francois Lelievre (cc-by-sa)
Strophanthus sarmentosus flower picture by Cri Mai (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Strophanthus sarmentosus world distribution map, present in Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Central African Republic, China, Côte d'Ivoire, Cameroon, Congo, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Equatorial Guinea, Honduras, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo, and Uganda

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:81945-1
WFO ID wfo-0000317331
COL ID 535G6
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Strophanthus glabriflorus Strophanthus laurifolius Strophanthus ogovensis Strophanthus paroissei Strophanthus pendulus Strophanthus senegambiae Strophanthus sarmentosus var. sarmentosus Strophanthus sarmentosus Strophanthus punctifer

Lower taxons

Strophanthus sarmentosus var. glabriflorus