Suregada procera (Prain) Croizat

Species

Angiosperms > Malpighiales > Euphorbiaceae > Suregada

Characteristics

A completely glabrous, generally dioecious, sparingly branched evergreen shrub 2–7.5 m. tall or else a straggling to large, much-branched tree with a crooked bole and a heavy spreading crown up to 24 m. tall.. Wood coarse, white, hard.. Bark pale greenish grey and ± smooth, dark grey and granulate or almost black and rough.. Twigs slightly angled, green.. Petioles 3–5(–7) mm. long; leaf-blades elliptic to elliptic-ovate, (3–)5–12(–14) cm. long, 1.5–6.5 cm. wide, obtuse at the apex, asymmetrically cuneate or cuneate-rounded at the base, decurrent onto the petiole, entire or shallowly crenate or crenate-serrate, firmly chartaceous to subcoriaceous, lateral nerves 6–11 pairs, weakly brochidodromous to camptodromous, tertiary and quaternary nerve-network reticulate, with the translucent pustules covering the entire surface of each reticulation, brightly-shining glossy medium to very dark green above, with the pustules often showing whitish beneath.. Stipules triangular, 2 mm. long, 1 mm. wide, acute, entire, not ciliate; stipule-scars expanding to 2 mm. in length.. Inflorescences  few–many-flowered, shortly pedunculate to subsessile, fasciculate-glomerulate, up to 1.5 cm. across; bracts broadly triangular-ovate, not ciliate, often enveloped in a gummy exudate at least when young.. Male flowers: pedicels 1–2(–3) mm. long; buds subglobose, sparingly gland-dotted; sepals (5–)6(–7), not ciliate, in 2 series, the (2–)3 outer broadly ovate, convex, 3 mm. long and wide, greenish white or yellow-green with a paler margin, the 3(–4) inner suborbicular-ovate, becoming flat, 2.5 mm. long and wide, cream-coloured; receptacular glands interstaminal, depressed-hemispherical, ± confluent; stamens (16–)20–27, filaments 3 mm. long, glabrous, anthers 1 mm. long.. Female flowers: pedicels 2–3 mm. long, accrescent to 5–6 mm. in fruit, stouter than those of ♂; sepals 6(–8), resembling the outer ♂ sepals; disc crenate, slightly thickened; staminodes small, subulate, occasionally with minute abortive anthers at their apices; ovary (2–)3-locular, trilobate-subglobose, 2–3 mm. diameter; styles (2–)3, 1–2 mm. long, bifid, the stigmas linear-oblong, slightly lobulate.. Fruit (2–)3-locular, usually trilobate, (0.6–)0.8–1(–1.1) cm. long, (0.9–)1–1.2(–1.5) cm. diameter, dehiscent, ± smooth (somewhat reticulate and shallowly verruculate when dried), green; endocarp subligneous, ± 1 mm. thick.. Seeds ± ovoid, slightly lateroventrally compressed, 5–7 mm. long, 4–5 mm. wide, endotesta smooth, dark grey-brown, completely enclosed by the arillate sarcotesta which becomes pearly-grey on drying.. Fig. 71.
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Perennial tree, 3-24 m high; single-stemmed, glabrous; branches lax, horizontal; bark smooth or minutely fissured. Stipules triangular, acute. Leaves alternate, coriaceous, glossy, dark green above, paler below, the pustules paler still, drying a dull grey-green; lamina elliptic to elliptic-ovate, base asymmetric, cuneate and decurrent onto petiole, apex obtuse or obtusely acuminate, margins entire or shallowly crenate-serrate. Male flowers sepals 5-7, suborbicular-ovate, eglandular, outer slightly hooded and greenish, inner flat; glands confluent; stamens (16)20-30. Female flowers sepals 6-8; disc crenate; staminodes usually subulate; ovary 3-locular, 3-lobed to subglobose, smooth; styles 2-fid; stigmas oblong, slightly lobulate. Fruit a 3-lobed, obovoid-trigonous capsule, smooth. Seeds ovoid, smooth.
Leaf blades 3–14 × 1–7 cm, elliptic to elliptic-ovate, obtuse or obtusely acuminate at the apex, asymmetrically cuneate at the base and decurrent onto the petiole, entire or shallowly crenate-serrate, coriaceous, glossy, dark green above, paler beneath, the pustules paler still, drying a dull grey-green; lateral nerves in 7–11(15) pairs, weakly or not looped; tertiary and quaternary nerves reticulate with raised pustules covering each reticulation.
Male flowers: pedicels 1–2 mm long; sepals 5–7, 2.5–3 × 2.5–3 mm, suborbicular-ovate, not ciliate, eglandular, the outer slightly hooded and greenish, the inner flat and ± cream coloured; glands confluent; stamens (16)20–30, usually with an outer whorl of 15–20 and an inner of 5–15, filaments 3–4 mm long, white, anthers 1 mm long, yellow.
Female flowers: pedicels 2–3 mm long, extending to 5–6 mm in fruit, stouter than in the male flowers; sepals 6–8, ± as in the male flowers; disk crenate; staminodes usually subulate; ovary 2 mm in diameter, usually 3-celled, 3-lobed to subglobose, smooth; styles usually 3, 1–2 mm long, bifid, stigmas oblong, slightly lobulate.
Tree, up to 9 m high. Leaves elliptic to oblanceolate, 25-110 x 13-55 mm, apex acute to rounded, margin entire or obscurely serrate. Fruit a 3-lobed capsule, up to 8 x 10 mm. Flowers white to green.
Fruit 1 × 1.5 cm, usually 3-celled, obovoid-trigonous, ± smooth, dark green later turning brown.
Seeds 6 × 5 mm, ± ovoid, smooth; exotesta pearly-grey on drying, endotesta dark grey-brown.
A glabrous tree up to 24 m tall, generally dioecious; branches lax, horizontal.
Bark grey-brown, smooth or minutely fissured.
Stipules 2 × 1 mm, triangular, acute.
Wood white, close-grained.
Petioles 3–10 mm long.
Twigs greenish.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality dioecy
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 9.0 - 16.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months -
Fruit color
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Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A subcanopy or understorey tree of low or medium elevations in mixed evergreen forest, also in riverine and gully forest and swamp forest, at elevations up to 2,133 metres.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Uses material medicinal wood
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
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Optimum temperature (C°) -
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Vigor -
Productivity -

Distribution

Suregada procera world distribution map, present in Ethiopia, Kenya, Mozambique, Sudan, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:356682-1
WFO ID wfo-0000317672
COL ID 53HCJ
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Suregada procera Gelonium procerum Gelonium lithoxylon var. procerum