Suregada Roxb. ex Rottler

Genus

Angiosperms > Malpighiales > Euphorbiaceae

Characteristics

Dioecious or sometimes monoecious trees or shrubs, usually glabrous but occasionally with a simple indumentum. Leaves alternate, shortly petiolate, stipulate, simple, usually entire, vesicular-punctate or-zonate, chartaceous or coriaceous, penninerved. Stipules soon caducous, leaving prominent scars. Flowers in leaf-opposed, glomerulate or fasciculate, sessile or pedunculate, uni-or bisexual cymules, ± gummy when young bracts; minute. Male flowers usually pedicellate; sepals (4–)5(–7), free, imbricate, unequal, the outer ones sometimes with a central glandular boss, the inner ones petaloid; petals 0; receptacular glands or an annular disc present, but never both; stamens (6–)10–25(–60), free, anthers medifixed, extrorse, 2-thecous, longitudinally dehiscent at the back, pistillode 0. Female flowers pedicellate; sepals (4–)5(–8), free, imbricate, subequal, sometimes with a central glandular boss; petals 0; disc annular, sometimes lobate; staminodes 5–10, stamen-like or minute and subulate; ovary (2–)3(–4)-locular, with 1 ovule per locule; styles (2–)3(–4), united at the base, divaricate, bifid or multifid, stigmas linear or subulate, not persistent. Fruit (1–)3(–4)-lobed or subglobose, dehiscing into as many bivalved cocci, or loculicidal, or else an indehiscent drupe; exocarp smooth or reticulate; endocarp subligneous, thinly crustaceous or firmly coriaceous; columella persistent. Seeds ovoid, with a thin pulpy sarcotesta and a crustaceous smooth or foveolate-reticulate endotesta, ecarunculate; albumen fleshy; cotyledons broad, flat.
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Shrubs or trees, evergreen, perennial, dioecious; latex absent. Indumentum of simple multicellular trichomes, glandular trichomes absent, stinging trichomes absent. Stipules entire, inconspicuous, deciduous. Leaves alternate, petiolate, elobate, entire or toothed, penninerved, with a conspicuous pellucid dot in each areole. Inflorescences leaf-opposed [cf. subfam. description-Editor], cymose or fascicled, unisexual, with flowers in bracteate clusters. Male flowers pedicellate; calyx lobes 5 or 6, imbricate, free; petals absent; disc of numerous glands amongst stamens; stamens 6–60, filaments free; anthers dorsifixed, bilobate, thecae oblong and longitudinally dehiscent; pistillodes absent. Female flowers pedicellate; calyx lobes 5 or 6, imbricate, free; petals absent; disc annular; ovary 2-or 3-locular, ovules uniloculate; styles 2 or 3, united at base, bifid. Fruit capsular or rarely drupaceous, bi-or trilobate, surface smooth, dehiscing septicidally into 2 or 3 bivalved cocci. Seeds subglobose; testa fleshy; albumen fleshy; ecarunculate; cotyledons broad, flat.
Trees or shrubs, dioecious (very rarely monoecious); latex not evident; indumentum absent or short and simple. Leaves alternate; stipules small, connate, caducous, leaving annular scars at nodes; petiole short; leaf blade simple, entire or rarely sparsely serrulate, venation pinnate, usually pellucid-punctate. Inflorescence a leaf-opposed glomerule or cyme. Male flowers: sepals 5 or 6, free, imbricate, sometimes glandular abaxially; petals absent; disk extrastaminal or intrastaminal, annular or dissected; stamens 6-60, free; anthers longitudinally dehiscing; pistillode absent. Female flowers: sepals 4-8, imbricate, sometimes glandular abaxially; petals absent; disk annular; staminodes sometimes present; ovary (2 or)3(or 4)-locular; ovules 1 per locule; stigmas bifid (rarely multifid), spreading. Fruit a capsule or sometimes indehiscent and drupelike. Seeds not carunculate, covered by pale sarcotesta; endosperm present; cotyledon broad and flat.
Male flowers usually pedicellate; sepals (4)5–6(7), free, imbricate, unequal, glandular or not; petals absent; disk glands usually interstaminal, confluent; stamens 6–30 (African species), free, anthers dorsifixed, extrorse, longitudinally dehiscent at the back; pistillode absent.
Female flowers pedicellate; sepals (4)5–6(8), free, imbricate, subequal, glandular or not; petals absent; disk annular, sometimes lobed; staminodes 5–10; ovary 2–4-celled, with 1 ovule per cell; styles 2–4, united at the base, bifid or multifid, short.
Fruit 2–4-lobed or subglobose, dehiscing into bivalved cocci, loculicidal or indehiscent; exocarp smooth or reticulate; endocarp woody, coriaceous or crustaceous; columella persistent.
Leaves alternate, shortly petiolate, stipulate, simple, entire, denticulate or crenate-serrate, vesicular-punctate, penninerved.
Flowers fasciculate or glomerulate in leaf-opposed cymules, or subsolitary, somewhat gummy at first; bracts minute.
Seeds ecarunculate; exotesta pulpy; endotesta crustaceous; albumen fleshy; cotyledons broad, flat.
Dioecious, sometimes monoecious, usually glabrous trees or shrubs.
Stipules soon falling, leaving prominent scars.
Life form perennial
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Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

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