Symphytum L.

Comfrey (en), Consoude (fr)

Genus

Angiosperms > Boraginales > Boraginaceae

Characteristics

Herb forming large clumps, scabrid or stongly hispid; stems to c. 100 cm tall, purplish at base. Root becoming very thick. Basal lvs very large; lamina ovate, ovate-oblong or ovate-lanceolate, to c. 30 × 12 cm (often much smaller); upper surface especially harshly hispid with few to many bulbous-based hairs; base attenuate to form petiolar wing; cauline lvs much smaller, the uppermost sessile with base continued down stem as a narrow wing; wing usually < 2 mm wide, extending to at least 1/2 way to node below. Cymes densely hispid. Calyx 4-8 mm long at anthesis, ± accrescent, lobed nearly to base; lobes linear-lanceolate or lanceolate, acute to short-acuminate. Corolla (1)-1.3-1.7 × 0.6-1 cm, broadly cylindric, lower part of tube whitish, expanded upper part and lobes pink to light purple, often becoming blue or purplish blue with age and when dried, glandular-puberulent outside; lobes c. 1 mm long; scales included, ± narrow-triangular. Filaments (excluding base) < to almost = anther width; anthers slightly to obviously < scales. Style exserted, sometimes very shortly so. Nutlets 3-6 mm long, finely granular and rugose.
More
Herbs perennial. Roots thickened, hispid or strigose. Stem leaves sometimes decurrent. Cymes terminal, becoming paniculate, bracteate. Calyx 5-parted to middle or below; lobes unequal, slightly elongated in fruit. Corolla light purple-red, rarely yellow, tubular-campanulate; throat appendages 5, lanceolate, with papillate glands; limb 5-lobed; lobes triangular to semiorbicular, margin dentate, apex sometimes revolute. Stamens inserted at throat, not exserted; anthers linear-oblong. Ovary 4-parted. Style filiform, usually exserted; stigma capitate. Gynobase flat. Nutlets ovoid, sometimes suboblique, usually granular-tuberculate, reticulate-wrinkled, rarely smooth; attachment scar at base, cupular, finely dentate at margin.
Cor tubular-campanulate, the well defined tube much longer than the short, erect or apically spreading lobes; fornices narrow and elongate, erect; filaments inserted at the level of the fornices; anthers included; style elongate, shortly exserted; nutlets incurved, ventrally keeled, with a stipe-like basal attachment that fits into the otherwise flattish receptacle, the basal margin of the nutlet forming a prominent, toothed rim; broad-lvd perennials with nodding, white or ochroleucous to pink or blue fls in several or many small, sympodial, naked modified cymes. 25, Europe and Medit. reg.
Perennial, usually hispid herbs. Basal lvs with petiole long and welldefined; cauline Ivs sometimes sessile. Infl. of short, ebracteate terminal cymes. Calyx 5-lobed, often divided nearly to base, accrescent. Corolla tube cylindric in lower 1/2, tubular-campanulate or funnelform above; limb of 5 short lobes; scales present, usually with papillate margins. Stamens included, inserted around middle of tube. Style exserted; stigma very small. Nutlets ovoid, erect or curved, usually rugose or verruculose, occasionally smooth; base concave with thickened collar.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
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Sexuality hermaphrodite
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Mature height (meter) 1.0
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Hardiness (USDA) 4-9

Usage

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Cultivation

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