Tecoma stans (L.) Kunth

Ginger-thomas (en), Bignone à fleurs jaunes (fr), Técome droit (fr), Bois pissenlit (fr), Bois Caraïbes (fr), Trompette d'or (fr), Bignone jaune (fr), Piti (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Lamiales > Bignoniaceae > Tecoma

Characteristics

Shrub or small tree to 10 m tall and 25 cm d.b.h., the bark dark and ridged; twigs lepidote and irregularly subpuberulent, more or less terete, drying dark brown when young, light brown when mature. Leaves (in Panama) impari-pinnately compound, 3-9-foliolate, the first pair of leaves on a new branch This content downloaded from 192.104.39.2 on Tue, 14 May 2013 16:10:35 PMAll use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions960 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN [VOL. 60 often simple or 1-foliolate, the leaflets opposite, serrate, lanceolate, apically acute, basally cuneate, the terminal leaflet often attenuate, 2.4-15 cm long and 0.8-6 cm wide, progressively larger distally, somewhat lepidote above and beneath, simple puberulous on the midvein above and beneath, often puberulous beneath at the base of the secondary nerves and sometimes on the leaf surface, espe-cially in the vein axils; petiolules of the lateral leaflets lacking or to 2 mm long, the terminal leaflet 4-20 mm long; petiole 1-9 cm long, rachis lacking (in 3-foliolate leaves), to 8 cm long, petiole and rachis slightly lepidote, puberulous at the leaflet bases. Inflorescence a terminal or subterminal raceme of to 20 flowers, only a few flowers opening at a time; pedicels and inflorescence rachis lepidote. Flowers fragrant with a sweet odor similar to vanilla; calyx elongate-cupular, evenly 5-dentate, the teeth ca. 1 mm long and usually apiculate, 3-7 mm long and 3-4 mm wide, somewhat lepidote throughout, ciliate with con-spicuous sunken submarginal glands; corolla yellow with 7 reddish lines in the throat, 2 additional fainter red lines on top of throat ridges and a short faint line at the base of the 2 upper lobes, tubular-campanulate above a narrowed base 0.9-1.0 cm long, 3.5-5.8 cm long and 1.2-2.4 cm wide at the mouth, the tube 3.0-4.3 cm long, the lobes 1.0-1.6 cm long, glabrous outside with a glandu-lar epidermis, inside glabrous except for gland-tipped trichomes at the level of stamen insertion and twisted trichomes in sinuses and on throat ridges; stamens didynamous, the anther thecae divaricate, 3.5 mm long, pubescent with twisted, simple, multicellular trichomes, the longer filaments 2.1-2.4 cm long, shorter filaments 1.5-1.8 cm long, the staminode 4-5 mm long, inserted 8-9 mm from the base of the tube; pistil 3.1-3.4 cm long, ovary narrowly cylindric, 3 mm long and 1 mm wide, glandular-lepidote, the ovules 2-seriate in each locule; disc cupular-pulvinate, 1 mm long and 1 mm wide. Capsule linear, tapering at the ends, subterete when fresh, 7-21 cm long and 5-7 mm wide, surface lenticellate, more or less glabrous, sometimes slightly and incon-spicuously lepidote; seeds 3-5 mm long and 2.4-2.7 cm wide, wings hyaline-membranaceous, sharply demarcated from the seed body.
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Shrub or sometimes small tree to 5 (–8+) m high. Leaves pinnate, 8–25 cm long; leaflets usually 3–7 but sometimes up to 13, ovate-lanceolate, 2.5–10 cm long, 8–30 (–35) mm wide, cuneate base, serrated-toothed margin, acuminate apex, ± glabrous (softly hairy below in var. velutina); petiole 1–6 (–8) cm long; lateral petiolules 1–2 mm long. Inflorescences 5–15 cm long. Calyx cupular to campanulate, 5–7 mm long, the 5 lobes c. 1 mm long. Corolla tubular to funnel-shaped, 3.5–5 cm long, bright yellow with reddish lines in throat which also has slight ridges with long hairs, the 5 rounded lobes 0.8–3 cm long; some cultivars, including hybrids, have orangy to reddish flowers. Stamens included. Capsules pendulous, linear-oblong, somewhat flattened, 7–22 (–30) cm long, (5–) 9–20 mm wide; winged seeds flat, c. 20 mm long and 6 mm wide (including wing surrounding oblong-oval shaped seed), the wing at each end of the seed white-transparent, papery.
Shrub, up to c. 1-4 m. Leaflets 1-3 pairs (cult, sometimes 1-foliolate) lanceolate, acuminate, serrate, glabrous, but often along midrib laxly hairy, 3-10 by 1-4 cm, cuneate at the base, no proper petiolules; petiole 2-5 cm. Racemes glabrous, c. 5-15 cm. Pedicels 5-10 mm. Calyx campanulate, 5-7 mm, usually with some impressed plate-shaped glands in middle part or upper half, lobes short-ciliate. Corolla yellow, 3½-5 cm, limb up to 3½ cm Ø. Stamens included, anther-cells ± pilose. Capsule acute, often lenti-cellate, 10-22 by ½-¾ cm. Seeds (incl. wings) 2 by ½ cm, inserted in two rows on the margins of the septum.
Shrub or small tree, 2-4(6) m high; evergreen. Leaves pinnate, leaflets 5-13, lanceolate, bright green above, paler below; margins toothed. Flowers in terminal sprays, bright yellow, reddish striated. Corolla tubular-campanulate above narrow base, five-lobed. Flowering time Oct.-May. Pollination by bees. Fruit a brown, linear capsule. Seeds papery winged.
A tree. It grows 7 m all. It does not have spines. The bark flakes into vertical strips. It is pale brown. The leaves ahve sharp teeth. They are compound. The flowers are in large branched clusters. The flower tube is yellow with red lines in the throat. The fruit are 7-32 cm long.
Yellow Bells is a small, erect, ornamental shrub with showy yellow flowers.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 4.0 - 8.0
Mature height (meter) 6.1
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 0.3
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Disturbed sites, near settlement and gardens, recorded from roadsides, parkland, agricultural land, wasteland, open eucalypt forest, woodland, bushland gullies, grassland, rainforest, river banks/riparian areas, wetland, beach habitats/sand dunes.
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It is a tropical plant. It grows in coastal areas and along roadsides in full sunlight. It can tolerate drought. In Argentina it grows from sea level to 1,700 m above sea level.
Prefers dry and disturbed areas such as roadsides but it can also be found in relatively undisturbed forests.
Light 6-8
Soil humidity 2-7
Soil texture 3-4
Soil acidity 4-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 10-12

Usage

Commonly cultivated as an ornamental. Has also been used in traditional medicine, for animal food (grazed) and for its wood. Tecoma stans is the official flower of the United States Virgin Islands, and it is the national flower of the Bahamas.
Uses animal food charcoal environmental use food invertebrate food material medicinal ornamental social use wood
Edible -
Therapeutic use Anthelmintics (leaf), Diabetes mellitus (leaf), Diuretics (leaf), Hypoglycemia (leaf), Hypoglycemic agents (leaf), Anthelmintics (root), Bites and stings (root), Diuretics (root), Hypoglycemic agents (root), Scorpion stings (root), Alcoholism (unspecified), Atony (unspecified), Bilious (unspecified), Diabetes (unspecified), Diuretic (unspecified), Dysentery (unspecified), Gastritis (unspecified), Inappetence (unspecified), Indigestion (unspecified), Intoxicant (unspecified), Liqueur (unspecified), Stomachic (unspecified), Syphilis (unspecified), Tonic (unspecified), Vermifuge (unspecified), Pain (unspecified), Ache(Stomach) (unspecified), Stomach (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by cuttings or seedlings.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) 1
Optimum temperature (C°) 15 - 25
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Tecoma stans habit picture by Daniel Barthelemy (cc-by-nc)
Tecoma stans habit picture by William Gustave (cc-by-sa)
Tecoma stans habit picture by William Gustave (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Tecoma stans leaf picture by Ranveer Singh (cc-by-sa)
Tecoma stans leaf picture by Irma Torres (cc-by-sa)
Tecoma stans leaf picture by Santosh Sah (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Tecoma stans flower picture by Jean F (cc-by-sa)
Tecoma stans flower picture by Chris Fitz (cc-by-sa)
Tecoma stans flower picture by Osio Uribe h.g. (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Tecoma stans fruit picture by claire Felloni (cc-by-sa)
Tecoma stans fruit picture by Calderón Caldas Douglas (cc-by-sa)
Tecoma stans fruit picture by Udo Herkommer (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Tecoma stans world distribution map, present in Anguilla, Argentina, Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, Benin, Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba, Burkina Faso, Bangladesh, Bahamas, Belize, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Barbados, Bhutan, Central African Republic, Cook Islands, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Cayman Islands, Dominica, Ecuador, Spain, Micronesia (Federated States of), Guinea, Guadeloupe, Grenada, Guatemala, Guam, Hong Kong, Honduras, India, Jamaica, Cambodia, Kiribati, Saint Lucia, Sri Lanka, Maldives, Mexico, Northern Mariana Islands, Montserrat, Martinique, Mauritius, Namibia, Nicaragua, Niue, Pakistan, Panama, Peru, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Puerto Rico, Paraguay, Réunion, El Salvador, eSwatini, Turks and Caicos Islands, Thailand, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, United States of America, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), Viet Nam, and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:111284-1
WFO ID wfo-0000779838
COL ID 552X6
BDTFX ID 9741
INPN ID 125822
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Bignonia stans Gelseminum stans Stenolobium incisum Tecoma stans Bignonia incisa Tecoma molle Stenolobium stans

Lower taxons

Tecoma stans var. velutina Tecoma stans var. angustatum Tecoma stans var. sambucifolia