Thespesia populnea Sol. ex Corrêa

Portia tree (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Malvales > Malvaceae > Thespesia

Characteristics

Shrub or small tree up to 7 m tall, the branchlets densely lepidote especially when young. Leaves with petioles 4-12 cm long, lepidote, the stipules narrowly ovate to filiform, 5-7 mm long; blade broadly ovate, cordate at the base, acute to long-acuminate at the apex, entire-margined, up to 14(20) cm long and 12 cm broad, leathery, 5-to 7-palminerved, sparsely lepidote to glabrescent on both sides, the main veins prominent beneath. Flowers with the pedicel terete, inarticulated (or obscurely articulated?), 1.5-3.5 cm long, lepidote; epicalyx bractlets usually 3, subulate, ca 10-12 mm long and 2 mm broad, lepidote, early caducous; calyx trun-cate or shortly 5-denticulate, ca 8-10 mm high and 15 mm in diam, densely lepidote, more or less expanded in fruit; petals obovate, ca 5 cm long and 3.5 cm broad, yellow with a darker base, fading purple; staminal tube ca 3 cm long, 5-lobulate at the apex, the lobes ca 2 mm long, filamentiferous on the upper %3, the filaments 2-7 mm long, the anthers inequilaterally hippocrepiform; style exceed-ing the staminal tube, ca 3 cm long. Capsule depressed-globose, 1.5-2 cm high and 2-4.5 cm in diam, leathery, lepidote, indehiscent; seeds trigonous-obovoid, com-pressed, ca 1 cm long, more or less densely tomentellous.
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Trees or shrubs, evergreen, 3-6 m tall. Branchlets with minute brown peltate scales, sometimes dense. Stipules filiform-lanceolate, 2-7 mm, usually caducous; petiole 4-10 cm, scaly; leaf blade ovate-cordate to triangular, 7-18 × 4.5-12 cm, abaxially with scales, adaxially glabrous or with scales, base truncate to cordate, margin entire, apex long caudate. Flowers solitary, axillary. Pedicel 2.5-6 cm, densely scaly. Epicalyx lobes 3-4, filiform-lanceolate, 8-10 mm, usually caducous, scaly. Calyx cup-shaped, 1-1.5 cm in diam., subtruncate with 5 ca. 0.5 mm teeth, densely scaly. Corolla yellow, adaxially purple at base, campanulate, ca. 5 cm. Staminal column ca. 25 mm. Fruit stipe 6-8 cm. Capsule globose to pyriform, ca. 5 × 2 cm in diam., slightly fleshy, ± indehiscent. Seeds triangular-ovoid, 8-9 mm, brown hairy or glabrous, veined. Fl. year-round.
An evergreen tree. It grows to 5-10 m high and spreads 2 m across. The stem is erect and branching. It has a compact crown. The outer bark is grey-brown. It is cracked along its length and scaly. The leaves are bluish green and broadly heart shaped. They are 5-15 cm long and 5-10 cm wide and taper to a tip. The leaves are thin and have very small scales on both surfaces. They are on long stalks. The leaves have nectar nearing zones at the bases of the midrib. The flowers are a sulphur-yellow. They have 5 petals and a purple throat. They occur singly. They are bell shaped. Flowers are 5-8 cm across. The flowers are somewhat like Hibiscus. The fruit is a round capsule 2.5 cm across. Sometimes it splits open into 5 valves revealing silky brown seeds. They are oval or triangle shaped and about 9 mm across.
Trees 2–12 m. Stems lepidote to glabrate when young. Leaves: stipules 3–7 mm; petiole mostly 2/3–1 times length of blade; blade 6–13 cm, apex acute or acuminate, venation palmate, with nectariferous zone near base of midrib. Inflorescences: flowers large. Pedicels erect, stout, shorter than subtending petiole; involucellar bractlets irregularly inserted, ligulate. Flowers: calyx 8–10 mm, subglabrous, minutely lepidote; petals 4–6 cm, punctate; staminal column pallid, ca. 1/2 length of petals, apically 5-dentate, glabrous; style exceeding stamens; stigmas decurrent. Capsules (3–)5-locular, 3–3.5 cm diam.. Seeds 8–9 mm. 2n = 24, 26.
Leaf-lamina up to 15 × 12 cm., entire, ovate to broadly ovate, densely lepidote on both surfaces, apex somewhat acuminate, base cordate 7-nerved; petiole up to 9 cm. long, lepidote; stipules 5–7 mm. long, lanceolate to almost subulate.
Epicalyx of 3 bracts; bracts 2–7 (11) mm. long, lanceolate-triangular to triangular, very early caducous.
Flowers up to 8 cm. in diam., yellow; peduncles up to 9 cm. long, not obviously articulated.
Petals 4 × 3·5 cm., obliquely obovate, lepidote outside, glabrous inside.
Staminal tube c. 17 mm. long; free parts of filaments 3–5 mm. long.
Seeds 10 × 6 mm., sericeous-tomentellous, somewhat glabrescent.
Fruit up to 25 × 30 mm., depressed-globose, lepidote.
Calyx c. 15 × 7 mm., densely lepidote, 5-dentate.
Small tree or shrub; branchlets densely lepidote.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 2.0
Mature height (meter) 7.0 - 9.1
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 1.2
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a tropical plant. It does best in light well-drained soils. It needs an open sunny position. It is damaged by drought and frost. It can tolerate salt spray. It needs a temperature above 13-15°C. They suit the coastal tropics. It does best with a temperature of 20-26°C. It grows along beaches and tidal forests in India. In China it grows on the sea coast in sunny places. It grows up to 150 m above sea level. It suits hardiness zones 10-12.
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Sea coasts, often where sandy beaches covered by Casuarina equestifolia give way to coral outcrops. Also on rocky coasts and occasionally on the inland edge of mangrove swamp.
Light 5-7
Soil humidity 2-4
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity 5-7
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 10-12

Usage

The young leaves and young flower buds are eaten raw, cooked or fried in butter. They are used in soups. The fruit are eaten preserved.
Uses animal food coffee substitute dye environmental use fiber fodder food fuel gene source green manure gum invertebrate food material medicinal oil ornamental poison seasoning social use wood
Edible flowers fruits leaves
Therapeutic use Anti-HIV agents (aerial part), Antineoplastic agents (aerial part), Antiprotozoal agents (aerial part), Contraceptive agents (aerial part), Antifungal agents (bark), Antirheumatic agents (bark), Aphrodisiacs (bark), Astringents (bark), Cough (bark), Diuretics (bark), Dysentery (bark), Dyspepsia (bark), Fever (bark), Hemorrhage (bark), Joint diseases (bark), Psoriasis (bark), General tonic for rejuvenation (bark), Scabies (bark), Jaundice (flower), Liver diseases (flower), Psoriasis (flower), Scabies (flower), Skin diseases (flower), Antifungal agents (fruit), Psoriasis (fruit), Scabies (fruit), Skin diseases (fruit), Antifungal agents (leaf), Anti-inflammatory agents (leaf), Antirheumatic agents (leaf), Aphrodisiacs (leaf), Arthralgia (leaf), Cough (leaf), Diuretics (leaf), Dysentery (leaf), Dyspepsia (leaf), Eczema (leaf), Fever (leaf), Joint diseases (leaf), Psoriasis (leaf), General tonic for rejuvenation (leaf), Scabies (leaf), Skin diseases (leaf), Antifungal agents (plant exudate), Psoriasis (root), General tonic for rejuvenation (root), Scabies (root), Skin diseases (root), Headache (unspecified), Bactericide (unspecified), Bite(Bug) (unspecified), Bite(Insect) (unspecified), Cardiotonic (unspecified), Cholera (unspecified), Cold (unspecified), Cough (unspecified), Diuretic (unspecified), Eczema (unspecified), Fever (unspecified), Gonorrhea (unspecified), Herpes (unspecified), Inflammation (unspecified), Itch (unspecified), Liver (unspecified), Longevity (unspecified), Mental (unspecified), Migraine (unspecified), Piles (unspecified), Pleurisy (unspecified), Poison (unspecified), Purgative (unspecified), Salivation (unspecified), Scabies (unspecified), Sedative (unspecified), Skin (unspecified), Swelling (unspecified), Testicle (unspecified), Thrush (unspecified), Urethritis (unspecified), Viricide (unspecified), Wart (unspecified), Wound (unspecified), Cancer (unspecified), Dentition (unspecified), Emollient (unspecified), Hypertension (unspecified), Malaria (unspecified), Ringworm (unspecified), Sudorific (unspecified), Colic (unspecified), Dysentery (unspecified), Guineaworms (unspecified), Joint (unspecified), Ophthalmia (unspecified), Psoriasis (unspecified), Shortwindedness (unspecified), Stomach (unspecified), Antifungal agents (unspecified), Ascites (unspecified), Asthma (unspecified), Astringents (unspecified), Common cold (unspecified), Diabetes mellitus (unspecified), Diarrhea (unspecified), Dracunculiasis (unspecified), Hemoptysis (unspecified), Hemorrhage (unspecified), Hemorrhoids (unspecified), Hemostasis (unspecified), Leprosy (unspecified), Pruritus (unspecified), General tonic for rejuvenation (unspecified), Skin diseases (unspecified), Thirst (unspecified), Ulcer (unspecified), Urination disorders (unspecified), Warts (unspecified), Wound healing (unspecified), Wounds and injuries (unspecified), Cooling effect on body (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants are grown from seed. The seed can be dried and stored for short periods but it is best to sow fresh seed. Seeds can germinate in 8 days but may take a few weeks. They can also be grown from cuttings. Seeds can float in sea-water and stay alive for months.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) 20 - 30
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Thespesia populnea habit picture by J. Champ (cc-by-sa)
Thespesia populnea habit picture by Maarten Vanhove (cc-by-sa)
Thespesia populnea habit picture by stéphane lagache (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Thespesia populnea leaf picture by Hugo SANTACREU (cc-by-sa)
Thespesia populnea leaf picture by Stefano (cc-by-sa)
Thespesia populnea leaf picture by alex boi (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Thespesia populnea flower picture by Philippe VINCENT (cc-by-sa)
Thespesia populnea flower picture by Hugo SANTACREU (cc-by-sa)
Thespesia populnea flower picture by Hugo SANTACREU (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Thespesia populnea fruit picture by jim seychelles (cc-by-sa)
Thespesia populnea fruit picture by Philippe VINCENT (cc-by-sa)
Thespesia populnea fruit picture by liquidambar (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Thespesia populnea world distribution map, present in Anguilla, American Samoa, Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, Benin, Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba, Bangladesh, Bahamas, Belize, Bermuda, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Barbados, China, Cameroon, Cook Islands, Colombia, Cabo Verde, Costa Rica, Cuba, Cayman Islands, Dominica, Eritrea, Fiji, Micronesia (Federated States of), Ghana, Guinea, Guadeloupe, Grenada, Guatemala, Guam, Guyana, Honduras, Indonesia, India, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Jamaica, Kenya, Cambodia, Kiribati, Saint Lucia, Sri Lanka, Maldives, Mexico, Marshall Islands, Myanmar, Northern Mariana Islands, Mozambique, Montserrat, Martinique, Mauritius, Mayotte, Nigeria, Nicaragua, Niue, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Philippines, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Puerto Rico, Réunion, Sudan, Senegal, Singapore, Suriname, Seychelles, Turks and Caicos Islands, Togo, Thailand, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Taiwan, Province of China, United States Minor Outlying Islands, United States of America, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), Viet Nam, Wallis and Futuna, Samoa, and Yemen

Conservation status

Thespesia populnea threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:564713-1
WFO ID wfo-0000455933
COL ID 56FSM
BDTFX ID 127358
INPN ID 447316
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Malvaviscus populneus Thespesia populnea Thespesia altissima Parita populneus Bupariti populnea Thespesia macrophylla Bupariti altissima Hibiscus bacciferus Hibiscus populneus Thespesia howii Parita populnea Hibiscus blumei Hibiscus litoreus Hibiscus macrophyllus Hibiscus populifolius Thespesia populnea var. bynoeana