Thilachium africanum Lour.

Species

Angiosperms > Brassicales > Capparaceae > Thilachium

Characteristics

Shrub or scrambler, up to 3 m high; young branches pale brown or grey, scabrid. Leaves simple or 3-foliolate; leaflets elliptic, broadly elliptic or obovate, 3-9 cm long, 1-4.5 cm wide, apex obtuse, round or emarginate, mucronate, base cuneate to round, margins entire, somewhat revolute, lateral veins 3 or 4, subimmersed, coriaceous, glabrous; petioles up to 6 cm long, scabrid; petiolules 2-4 mm long, scabrid. Inflorescence of few-flowered, terminal or axillary corymbose racemes; pedicels 1.5-2 cm long, scabrid-puberulous. Calyx obovoid, 1.5 cm long, 2 cm diam., with apiculus at apex, glabrous, circumscissile, persistent base campanulate, calyptra often remaining attached on one side; disc lining basal 2 mm of calyx, entire. Androphore stout, 4-5 mm long. Stamens many, 3-3.5 cm long; anthers c. 3 mm long, basifixed. Gynophore 1-2.5 cm long. Ovary ellipsoid, 3.5-4 mm long, costate; stigma capitate. Fruits ellipsoid, up to 6 cm long, stipitate, costate with up to 12 ribs. Seeds numerous, up to 1 cm in diam., subglobose or compressed, pusticulate.
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Shrub or small tree, up to 7 m. high, or rarely a dwarf shrub, 15–25 cm. high, with tuberous roots.. Stems branched or several slender unbranched stems arising from the thickened rootstock, smooth or rough with light grey fissured bark.. Leaves glabrous, 3–1-foliolate or with simple leaves intermixed; petioles 4–68 mm. long, striate, spiculate or minutely punctiform; petiolules wrinkled, papillose or minutely punctiform; leaflets elliptic, ovate, obovate, linear to lanceolate or oblanceolate, 3–10 cm. long, 0.6–5.3 cm. wide, with a somewhat revolute margin, sometimes undulating, coriaceous.. Inflorescence a terminal l–20(or more)-flowered loose corymbose raceme; pedicels bracteate, articulated at the base, 1–2.1 cm. long.. Buds 7–14 mm. in diameter prior to rupture.. Stamens spreading, wavy, up to 3.6 cm. long; anthers about 3 mm. long.. Fruits ellipsoid, 3–6 cm. long, stipitate, prominently costate with up to 12 ribs.
A shrub or tree. It can grow up to 7 m high. It loses its leaves during the year. The leaves are alternate and compound. There are 3 leaflets. The leaflets are 3-9 cm long by 1-5 cm wide. The edges of the leaves are rolled under. The leaves are dark green and leathery. The flowers are large and white. The fruit are like cucumbers. They have 12 ridges along them. They are 6 cm long.
Shrub or scrambler, up to 3 m high. Calyx rupturing transversely, 'cap' often remaining attached on one side. Stamens many, on a columnar androphore. Flowers white.
Life form -
Growth form shrub
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
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Mature height (meter) 4.0
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Environment

Deciduous woodland, bushland and thicket, grassland with scattered trees, riverine forest, abandoned cultivated areas, at elevations from sea level to 1,600 metres.
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It is a tropical plant. It grows in forest and woodland. It grows between 25-1,550 m above sea level. It can grow in arid places. It is damaged by frost.
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Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

The roots are a famine food. The bark is removed and the centre is cut and pounded the soaked and boiled for several hours.
Uses animal food environmental use food fuel gene source medicinal poison vertebrate poison wood
Edible fruits roots tubers
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Cultivation

Can be grown by cuttings or seedlings.
Mode cuttings seedlings
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Images

Flower

Thilachium africanum flower picture by Laurent Seret (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Thilachium africanum world distribution map, present in Kenya, Mozambique, Malawi, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, South Africa, and Zimbabwe

Conservation status

Thilachium africanum threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:148126-1
WFO ID wfo-0001290484
COL ID 56GNB
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Thilachium verrucosum Thilachium querimbense Ritchiea langii Thilachium africanum