Thlaspi arvense L.

Field pennycress (en), Tabouret des champs (fr), Monnoyère (fr), Herbe-aux-écus (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Brassicales > Brassicaceae > Thlaspi

Characteristics

Herbs annual, (9-)15-55(-80) cm tall, glabrous throughout, often glaucous, fetid when crushed. Stems erect, simple or branched above. Petiole of basal leaves 0.5-3 cm; leaf blade oblanceolate, spatulate, or obovate, 1-5 × 0.4-2.3 cm, base attenuate or cuneate, margin entire, repand, or coarsely toothed, apex rounded. Middle cauline leaves sessile, oblong, (0.5-)1.5-4(-8) × (0.2-)0.5-1.5(-2.5) cm, base sagittate or auriculate, margin dentate, repand, or entire, apex rounded, obtuse, or subacute. Fruiting pedicels (0.5-)0.9-1.3(-1.5) cm, slender, divaricate, straight or slightly curved upward. Sepals ovate or oblong, (1.5-)2-3(-3.3) × 1-1.5 mm, not saccate, margin white. Petals white, spatulate, (2.4-)3-4.5(-5) × (0.8-)1.1-1.6 mm, narrowed to a clawlike base ca. 1 mm, apex obtuse or emarginate. Filaments (1-)1.5-2 mm; anthers ovate, 0.3-0.5 mm. Ovules 6-16 per ovary. Fruit obovate or suborbicular, (0.6-)0.9-2 × (0.5-)0.7-2 cm, base obtuse or rounded, apex deeply emarginate and apical notch ca. 5 mm deep; wings 1-1.5 mm wide at base, 3.5-5 mm wide apically; style absent or 0.1-0.3 mm. Seeds blackish brown, ovoid, (1.2-)1.6-2(-2.3) × 1.1-1.3 mm, concentrically striate. Fl. and fr. Mar-Oct. 2n = 14*.
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Plants (sometimes glaucous), glabrous throughout. Stems (0.9-)1.5-5.5(-8) dm. Basal leaves not rosulate; petiole 0.5-3 cm; blade oblanceolate, spatulate, or obovate, 1-5 cm × 4-23 mm, base attenuate or cuneate, margins entire, repand, or coarsely dentate, apex rounded. Cauline leaves: blade oblong, (0.5-)1.5-4 (-8) cm × (2-)5-15(-25) mm, apex rounded, obtuse, or subacute. Fruiting pedicels straight or slightly upcurved, (5-)9-13(-15) mm. Flowers: sepals (1.5-) 2-3(-3.3) × 1-1.5 mm; petals (2.4-)3-4.5(-5) × (0.8-) 1.1-1.7 mm, narrowed to clawlike base (ca. 1 mm), apex obtuse or emarginate; filaments (1-)1.5-2.2 mm; anthers 0.3-0.5 mm. Fruits obovate or suborbicular, (0.6-)0.9-2 cm × (5-)7-20 mm, base obtuse or rounded, apex deeply emarginate, notch ca. 5 mm deep; wings broad throughout, 1-1.5 mm wide basally, 3.5-5 mm wide apically; ovules 6-16 per ovary; style 0.1-0.3 mm. Seeds (1.2-)1.6-2(-2.3) × 1.1-1.3 mm, concentrically striate. 2n = 14.
Annual glabrous herb. Stems erect, simple or branched above, foetid when crushed, 20-60 cm tall. Lvs entire to dentate. Lower lvs ovate to elliptic to spathulate, narrowed to base, withering at flowering, c. 2-4 × 1-2 cm. Upper lvs amplexicaul, ovate to oblanceolate, c. 2-4 × 0.5-1 cm. Racemes 10-30 cm long; pedicels erecto-patent at flowering, spreading at fruiting. Sepals spreading, 1.5-2 × c. 1 mm. Petals white, 2.5-4 × 0.8-1 mm. Silicle obovate to ± circular, deeply notched at apex, 1-1.5 × 0.8-1.5 cm; valves reticulately veined; wing to 5 mm wide; stigma ± sessile in notch of silicle. Seeds ovoid, furrowed, dark brown, not winged, c. 2 mm long.
Annual or biennial herbs 10-30 cm high, erect, glabrous. Basal leaves oblanceolate to obovate, petiolate, not in a rosette and dying off early. Stem leaves oblong, obovate-oblong to lanceolate, the lower ones shortly petiolate, the upper ones sessile, sagittate-amplexicaul, entire or repand-serrate. Racemes many-flowered, dense in flower, lax in fruit. Flowers small, white, the petals 2.5-3.5 mm long. Siliculae on ascending, 0.5-1.5 cm long pedicels, 1-1.5 x 0.8-1.3 cm, obovate-circular, broadly winged all round but wings broadest apically, emarginate, the sinus narrow and deep; stigma sub-sessile in the sinus. Seeds 5-8 per locule, 1.5-2 mm long.
Annual or biennial herb, 0.1-0.3 m high, erect, glabrous. Leaves: basal leaves petiolate, oblanceolate to obovate, dying off early; lower cauline leaves shortly petiolate, upper ones sessile, oblong, obovate-oblong to lanceolate, sagittate-amplexicaul, margins entire or repand-serrate. Inflorescence a many-flowered raceme, dense in flower, lax in fruit. Flowers small, white. Fruit a silicula, on ascending petioles, obovate-circular, broadly winged all around, wings broadest apically, emarginate. Seeds 5-8 per locule.
Glabrous annual or winter-annual 1–5 dm; cauline lvs sessile, oblong to lanceolate, entire or few-toothed, bearing at base 2 narrow, divergent, acute auricles 1–5 mm; fls 3 mm wide, the pet twice as long as the sep; mature pedicels ascending; frs orbicular to broadly elliptic, 10–17 mm, winged all around, deeply (2–3 mm) notched; seeds concentrically ridged-striate, numerous in each locule; 2n=14. Native of Europe, commonly established in waste places throughout much of N. Amer. Apr.–June.
Annual or rarely biennial herb 10–60 cm tall, erect, simple or branched, glabrous, somewhat foetid. Basal leaves petiolate, obovate to oblanceolate; cauline leaves sessile, auriculate, lanceolate. Sepals 1.5–2 mm long. Petals 3–4 mm long, emarginate, white. Stamens shorter than petals. Style 0.3 mm long. Silicula 12–22 mm diam., circular; valves strongly compressed, winged; wings broadening towards apex forming deep narrow apical notch. Seeds 1.5–2 mm long, ovoid, concentrically ridged.
A cabbage family herb. It is an annual plant. It grows up to 60 cm tall and spreads 1 m wide. The stem is erect and angular. The lower leaves are oval or sword shaped with teeth. These leaves have leaf stalks. The upper leaves clasp the stem at their base. The flowers are white and small. They are in long heads. The fruit is a pod. It is flattened.
Life form annual
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention -
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread anemochory barochory
Mature width (meter) 1.0
Mature height (meter) 0.2 - 0.6
Root system tap-root
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a temperate plant. In Nepal it grows between 2100-4500 m altitude. It grows in open or shady places along riverbanks. It will grow in most soils and is best in an open, sunny position. It is resistant to drought and frost. In Sichuan. In Yunnan.
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Waste places and a weed of cultivated ground where it can be a serious pest.
A weed of wasteplace.
Light 7-9
Soil humidity 2-4
Soil texture 2-5
Soil acidity 3-7
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 5-8

Usage

The tender shoots are cooked as a vegetable. The water is changed 1 or 2 times. They are also cooked in stir fries and used for making pickles. The leaves are eaten with oil and salt. The seeds are used as a condiment. They are used in soups and in sausages.
Uses food fuel medicinal oil poison
Edible flowers leaves seeds
Therapeutic use General tonic for rejuvenation (seed), Throat Aid (unspecified), Astringent (unspecified), Cyanogenetic (unspecified), Depurative (unspecified), Diuretic (unspecified), Heumatism (unspecified), Lumbago (unspecified), Poison (unspecified), Rheumatism (unspecified), Stimulant (unspecified), Tonic (unspecified), Eye (unspecified), Astringents (unspecified), Diuretics (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants are grown from seed.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) 21
Germination temperacture (C°) 21
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Thlaspi arvense habit picture by Patrice Bracquart (cc-by-sa)
Thlaspi arvense habit picture by Karsten Hoffmeyer (cc-by-sa)
Thlaspi arvense habit picture by Filip Arndt (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Thlaspi arvense leaf picture by Debbie Vickery (cc-by-sa)
Thlaspi arvense leaf picture by Bram Hollebosch (cc-by-sa)
Thlaspi arvense leaf picture by Keine Angabe (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Thlaspi arvense flower picture by Nora Rapp (cc-by-sa)
Thlaspi arvense flower picture by K. O. Bodendieck (cc-by-sa)
Thlaspi arvense flower picture by Klaas Langendoen (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Thlaspi arvense fruit picture by Jean-Louis SCHMITT (cc-by-sa)
Thlaspi arvense fruit picture by Patrice Bracquart (cc-by-sa)
Thlaspi arvense fruit picture by Patrice Bracquart (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Thlaspi arvense world distribution map, present in American Samoa, Australia, Brazil, Bhutan, Canada, China, France, Faroe Islands, India, Kenya, Nepal, New Zealand, Pakistan, United States of America, and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:53451-3
WFO ID wfo-0000410873
COL ID 56HZF
BDTFX ID 67864
INPN ID 126332
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Thlaspidium arvense Thlaspidea arvensis Crucifera thlaspi Thlaspi strictum Thlaspi collinum Teruncius arvensis Lepidium thlaspi Teruncius arvense Thlaspi baicalense Thlaspi arvense