Thunbergia alata Bojer ex Sims

Blackeyed susan vine (en), Suzanne aux yeux noirs (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Lamiales > Acanthaceae > Thunbergia

Characteristics

Herbaceous trailing or climbing vine. Stem subquadrate to ± flattened, pubescent with strigose trichomes. Petiole as long as leaf blade or shorter, 1.0-8.5 cm long, alate; blade sagittate, 2-13.5 x 0.9-8.5 mm, acute at apex, cordate-hastate at base and decurrent along petiole as a narrow wing, pubescent on both surfaces, margin entire to undulate or shallowly and irregularly, coarsely dentate; major venation palmate. Inflorescence solitary dichasia in leaf axils; peduncle 3-9 cm long, mostly longer than petioles, stigose pubescent; bracteoles lance-ovate to ovate, 11-25 x 4-15 mm, acute to acuminate at apex, rounded to truncate to cordate at base, pubescent like leaves. Calyx 2-4.5 mm long, 10-16-lobed, lobes subulate, unequal, pubescent; corolla yellow or orange (sometimes white) with a dark purple, glandular spot in throat, 25-40 mm long, externally sparsely and inconspicuously pubescent with glands, tube shorter or slightly longer than bracteoles, limb subregular, 20-43 mm in diam., lobes obovate to obdeltate, 7.5-15 x 6-22 mm, apically truncate; stamens didynamous, 7-9 mm long, anthers of longer pair with both thecae appendaged at base with a curved, awnlike appendage of 1-1.6 mm long, anthers of shorter pair with 1 theca appendaged at base, thecae 3-5 mm long, subequal to unequal in size, subparallel, pubescent with beaded papilla-like trichomes along line of dehiscence and at base; style 12 mm long, glabrous, stigma lobes ± funnelform, superposed, 1.5-2 mm long. Capsule 14-23 mm long, densely pubescent, body subglobose, 5-10 mm in diam., abruptly contracted into a stout, compressed beak 9-15 mm long; seeds 2, subspheric, 4-5 mm in diam., with a prominent, pore on flat side, covered with appressed, scalelike trichomes.
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Vines, herbaceous. Stems ± 4-angled to flattened, bisulcate, pubescent. Petiole 1.5-3 cm, winged, sparsely pubescent; leaf blade sagittate to deltoid ovate, 2-7.5 × 2-6 cm, abaxially hirsute, adaxially sparsely strigose, palmately 5-veined, base hastate to cordate, margin entire or undulate, apex acute. Flowers axillary, solitary; peduncle 2.5-3 cm, sparsely strigose; bracteoles ovate, 1.5-1.8 × 1-1.4 cm, abaxially hirsute, 5-7-veined, apex acute, acuminate, or obtuse. Calyx annular, unequally 10-13-lobed. Corolla orange with dark purple glandular "eye" in throat, 2.5-4.5 cm; tube basally cylindric for 2-4 mm, throat 1-1.5 cm; lobes obovate, apically truncate. Staminal filaments ca. 4 mm, glabrous; anther thecae 3.5-4 mm, unequal, pubescent at margin and base. Ovary glabrous; style ca. 8 mm, glabrous; stigma funnel-shaped, unequally 2-lobed, lower lobe spreading, upper lobe erect. Capsule pubescent, basal part ca. 7 × 10 mm, 2-seeded; beak ca. 1.4 cm, ca. 3 mm wide at base. Seeds reticulate on dorsal surface. Fl. Oct-Mar, fr. Feb-May. 2n = 18.
An evergreen twining climber. It keeps growing from year to year but is often grown as an annual plant. It grows 2.5 m high but is shorter if grown as an annual. The stems are slender, weak and twining. It winds to the right. The leaves are oval or triangular shaped with teeth along the edge. The are mid green colour. Leaves are 8 cm long with angular lobes at the base of the leaf. The leaf stalks have narrow wings. The flower has a long tube but spreads out at the top. The flowers are produced singly in the axils of the leaves. Many flowers are produced. Flowers are 3-4 cm across. They are usually bright orange-yellow. They can have a chocolate coloured centre. The petals can be white. Fruit are round 2-celled capsules. There can be 1-2 seeds in each cell. The seeds are irregularly ribbed on the back.
Herbaceous creeper; pubescent. Leaves petiolate, petioles (10-)22-50 mm long, winged; blade ovate (16-)21-43(-63) x (10-)17-32(-48) mm, apex acuminate, acute or obtuse, base cordate or hastate, margin entire or toothed. Flower bracts 13-19 x 10-16 mm. Calyx with sessile and stipitate glands. Corolla with inner and outer surface of lobes and outer surface of tube orange, inner surface of tube dark purplish black with white stripes at base; lobes 7.5-3.5 x 11-20 mm. Filaments 4-5.7 mm long; anther thecae 3.6-4.6 mm long. Style 8.5-11 mm long; stipitate glands present. Fruits 15-18 mm long, globose base 7.5-9 mm in diameter; stalk (13-)35-64 mm long. Seed brown; some trichomes adhere to form wing-like protuberances; 2.4-4 mm in diameter. T. alata flowers nearly the whole year round.
Herbaceous trailing or climbing vine with strigose hairs. Leaves deltoid to deltoid ovoid, 4.5-6.5 cm long, acute at the apex, the margins undulate, hastate to cordate at the base, the upper surface sparingly strigose, the lower surface hirsute; petioles winged, to 6.5 cm long. Inflorescences with the peduncles mostly longer than the petioles; bracts deltoid ovate with acute tips, hirsute. Flowers with the corolla yellow or orange with dark purple eye 1.5-2.0 cm long. Capsule depressed globose with a stout, flattened, subulate beak ca. 1. cm long, hirsute.
Herbaceous creeper, pubescent, 0.2-1.8 m high. Corolla orange, inner surface of corolla tube dark purplish black. Flowering time all year. Seeds with trichomes adhering in wing-like protuberances.
Herb, creeper. Petioles winged. Fruit densely pubescent; seeds with trichomes adhering in wing-like protuberances. Flowers orange, inner surface of tube purplish black.
Pale to dark yellow flowers (sometimes white) usually red or dark purple in the throat.
A softly pubescent herbaceous twiner
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support climber
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 0.75 - 1.0
Mature height (meter) 1.5 - 2.5
Root system fibrous-root
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A tropical plant. It occurs naturally in tropical Africa. It needs a temperature above 7°C. It is damaged by drought and frost. It does best with a well-drained soil and a protected sunny position. In Papua New Guinea it grows from sea level to 1,000 m altitude. It can grow in arid places. In Argentina it rrows from sea level to 1,000 m above sea level. It suits hardiness zones 10-12. In Yunnan.
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Not known
Light 6-8
Soil humidity 2-6
Soil texture 4-5
Soil acidity 2-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 10-12

Usage

The leaves are cooked and eaten as a vegetable. Caution: The leaves can contain poisonous compounds. The seeds have been used as flavouring in relishes and chutneys.
Uses animal food environmental use food food additive gene source material medicinal poison vertebrate poison
Edible leaves seeds
Therapeutic use Contraceptive agents (aerial part), Labor pain (aerial part), Back pain (leaf), Cough (leaf), Fever (leaf), Wound healing (leaf), Stomach diseases (stem), Headache (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

It can be grown from seed or cuttings. The seed are sown 6 mm deep. The seedlings can be transplanted. Plants should be spaced 30 cm apart. It is grown as an annual plant in temperate climates.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) 11 - 18
Germination temperacture (C°) 21 - 22
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) 1
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Thunbergia alata habit picture by Fabien Anthelme (cc-by-sa)
Thunbergia alata habit picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)
Thunbergia alata habit picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Thunbergia alata leaf picture by cabana carlos manuel (cc-by-sa)
Thunbergia alata leaf picture by Fabien Anthelme (cc-by-sa)
Thunbergia alata leaf picture by Vågen (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Thunbergia alata flower picture by Santiago Bernhardt (cc-by-sa)
Thunbergia alata flower picture by Lawrence ole Ngugi (cc-by-sa)
Thunbergia alata flower picture by pham Nolan (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Thunbergia alata fruit picture by Fabien Anthelme (cc-by-sa)
Thunbergia alata fruit picture by Trap Hers (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Thunbergia alata world distribution map, present in Argentina, Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba, Bangladesh, Bahamas, Belize, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Barbados, Botswana, Central African Republic, China, Côte d'Ivoire, Cameroon, Congo, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Ghana, Guinea, Guadeloupe, Grenada, Guatemala, Guam, Guyana, Honduras, Haiti, Indonesia, India, Jamaica, Kenya, Liberia, Saint Lucia, Sri Lanka, Madagascar, Mexico, Myanmar, Mozambique, Montserrat, Martinique, Mauritius, Malawi, Malaysia, Nicaragua, Niue, Nepal, New Zealand, Panama, Peru, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Puerto Rico, Portugal, Paraguay, Réunion, Singapore, Sierra Leone, South Sudan, Suriname, eSwatini, Seychelles, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Taiwan, Province of China, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, United States of America, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), Viet Nam, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:56177-1
WFO ID wfo-0000410251
COL ID 56NV8
BDTFX ID 120998
INPN ID 446878
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Thunbergia doddsii Thunbergia delamerei Thunbergia aurantiaca Thunbergia albiflora Thunbergia kamatembica Thunbergia nymphaeifolia Thunbergia manganjensis Thunbergia fuscata Endomelas alata Thunbergia oculata Valentiana volubilis Thunbergia bikimaensis Thunbergia alata