Thunbergia grandiflora Roxb.

Clockvine (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Lamiales > Acanthaceae > Thunbergia

Characteristics

Woody vine. Young stems subquadrate to quadrate-sulcate, pubescent. Petiole, 40-100 mm long, naked; blade ovate to subcircular, 6-20 x 3-13.5 cm, acute to acuminate at apex, cordate to truncate at base, pustulate and pubescent on both surfaces, venation palmate, margin coarsely and irregularly lobed below middle, lobes to 17 mm long. Inflorescence of axillary, many-flowered, pedunculate, dichasiate thyrses, to 30 cm long; peduncle 1-10 cm long, peduncle and rachis pubescent; dichasia opposite, 1-3 per axil, peduncules 2.5-6 cm long, pubescent; proximal bracts sessile to subsessile, subfoliose, 10-70 x 7-40 mm, distal bracts lance-subulate to subulate, 2-6 x 1-1.5 mm, pubescent; bracteoles often coherent on posterior side, ovate-elliptic to obovate, 3.5-47 x 16-22 mm, rounded-apiculate at apex, truncate at base, minutely scabrous-pubescent and bearing small, scattered, black dots without. Calyx annular, unlobed, purplish, densely pubescent; corolla light purple, lavender or white with a yellowish throat, 60-80 mm long, externally glabrous, limb regular, 65-85 mm in diam., lobes subelliptic, 30 x 25-40 mm, apically subtruncate; stamens ± homodynamous, 21-22 mm long, thecae 9-11 mm long (including basal appendage), subequal in size, parallel, equally inserted, thecae of anterior pair of stamens pubescent, armed with a rigid, sharp, white, awnlike appendage 2-3 mm long, thecae of posterior stamens less densely pubescent with either 1 or both thecae appendaged at base; style 21 mm long, glabrous, stigma lobes subfunnelform, equally inserted, 1.1-1.2 mm long. Capsule body globose, coriaceous, 16 mm in diam., stout, flattened, subulate beak ca. 20 mm long; seeds not seen.
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Vines to 10 m or longer, woody. Stems 4-angled, sulcate, pubescent. Petiole 1-7 cm, grooved, pubescent; leaf blade ovate to triangular-ovate, 5-10 × 4-8 cm, papery, both surfaces pubescent, palmately 3-7-veined, base subcordate to truncate, margin undulate, irregularly angular on basal half, or rarely entire, apex acuminate to acute. Flowers solitary, paired in leaf axils, or arranged in terminal racemes with 2-4 flowers per node; peduncle 4-7 cm, sulcate, pubescent; rachis pubescent with large cyathiform glands; apical inflorescence bracts subulate to linear-subulate, 2-6 × 1-1.5 mm, pubescent; bracteoles oblong to ovate, 2.5-4 × 1.5-2.2 cm, both surfaces pubescent, 5-7-veined, base truncate, margin entire or ciliate, apex acute with a short mucro. Calyx ca. 2 mm, annular, unlobed, densely pubescent. Corolla bluish with a yellowish throat, 4-6 cm, outside glabrous; tube basally cylindric and ca. 3 mm wide for ca. 7 mm then gradually widened to ca. 5 cm at throat; limb subactinomorphic; lobes ovate, ca. 3 × 2.5 cm. Staminal filaments 7-9 mm; anther thecae pubescent, basally appendaged. Style glabrous; stigma with 2 subequal lobes. Capsule 1.2-1.5 cm, pubescent, basal part 1.3-1.8 cm in diam., beak ca. 2.5 cm. Seeds ovate in outline, compressed, verrucose. Fl. Aug-Jan, fr. Nov-Mar. 2n = 56.
Suffrutescent climbing or twining vine; tips of stem quadrangular, young stems strigose. Leaves ovate to ovate hastate, 8-16 cm long, 3.0-13.5 cm wide, acuminate at the tip, chartaceous, scabrous on both the surfaces, hastate or rounded at the base, often coarsely toothed or lobed below the middle; petioles 1-5 cm long. Inflorescences in axillary or terminal racemes, the bracts irregularly oblong, to 3.5 cm long and 2 cm wide, acuminate, striate nerved, covered with minute dark dots. Flowers with the calyx purplish; corolla lavender with yellow center, campanulate, the tube 3.0-4.5 cm long, lobes 3-4 cm long; base of the exterior anther cells of the posterior stamens with rigid sharp curved spurs to 3 mm long, the anterior stamens with only one spur on each. Capsule globular, 16 mm in diameter, tipped with a stout, flattened beak about 2 cm long.
A woody vine. The stems can be 4 cm across. The young stems are hairy. It has underground runners. The leaves have leaf stalks. The leaf blades are oval and 1-2 times as long as wide. They usually have lobes spread out like fingers on a hand. The flowering clusters can be in the axils of leaves or at the ends of branches. They hang in groups 2 m long. They are light blue.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support climber
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 1.25 - 1.75
Mature height (meter) 4.5 - 8.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a tropical plant. In Costa Rica it grows from sea level to 1,400 m altitude. In Yunnan.
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Thickets at elevations from 400-1,500 metres in China.
Light 6-8
Soil humidity 3-6
Soil texture 3-4
Soil acidity 2-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 10-11

Usage

The leaves are cooked as a vegetable and eaten. The harvested leaves can be stored for 4-5 days. The flowers are fried with dry fish. They are also used for a tea drink.
Uses animal food environmental use food medicinal tea
Edible flowers leaves
Therapeutic use Stomach (unspecified), Gastrosis (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

It can be grown from seed, air-layering, or cuttings of mature stems of the current year's growth.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) 14 - 21
Germination temperacture (C°) 21 - 23
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) 1
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Thunbergia grandiflora habit picture by H. Goëau (cc-by-sa)
Thunbergia grandiflora habit picture by Chee Keong Chan (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Thunbergia grandiflora leaf picture by Mora-Fallas Adán (cc-by-sa)
Thunbergia grandiflora leaf picture by Hugo SANTACREU (cc-by-sa)
Thunbergia grandiflora leaf picture by H. Goëau (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Thunbergia grandiflora flower picture by Mora-Fallas Adán (cc-by-sa)
Thunbergia grandiflora flower picture by Kaori Sano (cc-by-sa)
Thunbergia grandiflora flower picture by Hervé Goëau (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Thunbergia grandiflora fruit picture by Mora-Fallas Adán (cc-by-sa)
Thunbergia grandiflora fruit picture by Nelson Zamora Villalobos (cc-by-nc)

Distribution

Thunbergia grandiflora world distribution map, present in Australia, Benin, Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba, Bangladesh, Belize, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Bhutan, China, Cameroon, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Ecuador, Fiji, Micronesia (Federated States of), Gabon, Guadeloupe, Equatorial Guinea, Guatemala, Guam, Guyana, Honduras, Indonesia, India, Jamaica, Cambodia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Saint Lucia, Sri Lanka, Madagascar, Mexico, Myanmar, Mozambique, Martinique, Mauritius, Malawi, Malaysia, Nicaragua, Pakistan, Panama, Philippines, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Puerto Rico, Paraguay, Réunion, Singapore, Suriname, Seychelles, Trinidad and Tobago, United States of America, Viet Nam, and Zimbabwe

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:117460-3
WFO ID wfo-0000410024
COL ID 56NYK
BDTFX ID 102171
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Pleuremidis grandiflora Thunbergia talbotiae Flemingia grandiflora Thunbergia cordifolia Thunbergia lacei Thunbergia chinensis Thunbergia grandiflora f. alba Thunbergia adenophora Thunbergia grandiflora