Thymus vulgaris L.

Thyme (en), Frigoule (fr), Farigoule (fr), Thym commun (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Lamiales > Lamiaceae > Thymus

Characteristics

Small, hairy shrub to c. 30 cm high. Shoots dense, erect or suberect, densely clothed in short hairs. Lvs sessile or subsessile, 3-8 × 0.5-3 mm, elliptic but appearing linear because of revolute margins, densely hairy, with abundant oil globules, tomentose along midrib below. Fls in dense terminal heads; lower verticels often interrupted. Bracts similar to lvs, often somewhat wider, green, < to > calyx. Calyx 3-4 mm long, campanulate, green or purplish, hairy, dotted with oil globules, with tuft of white hairs in throat; teeth of upper lip ovate, not ciliate; teeth of lower lip linear-subulate, long-ciliate. Corolla 4-6 mm long, white or mauve; tube not exserted, hairy outside; upper lip with large, broad, oblong-elliptic to obovate lobes, sparsely hairy or glabrous; lower lip at right angles to upper. Stamens not or scarcely exserted; anthers purplish. Nutlets 6-8 mm diam., broad-ellipsoid to sub-spherical, dark brown.
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A low shrub. It grows to 20 cm tall and spreads to 30 cm across. It forms a bushy cushion. It keeps growing from year to year. It is an evergreen with woody grey roots. The branches are square in cross section and hairy. The leaves are very small and greenish grey. They do not have leaf stalks and are produced opposite one another. The leaves are 0.6-1.5 cm long. The edges of the leaves curl backwards and the underside of the leaves is very hairy. The flowers are pale mauve or purple. They form tubes with two lips. The flowers occur in rings towards the end of the branches. The plant has a sweet smell.
Corolla small, pale red or lilac.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread epizoochory
Mature width (meter) 0.2 - 0.5
Mature height (meter) 0.2 - 0.3
Root system tap-root
Rooting depth (meter) 0.59
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A Mediterranean plant. It does best in dry arid places. Plants are occasional in the highlands in the tropics. They grow up to 2600 m altitude. It will grow on most soils and in most locations. It is resistant to drought and frost. They need sun. It suits plant hardiness zones 7-10. In Hobart Botanical gardens.
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Dry slopes, rocks and maquis. Always found on clay or limestone soils.
Light 7-9
Soil humidity 1-6
Soil texture 3-5
Soil acidity 4-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 7-10

Usage

The leaves and flowers are used as a seasoning to flavour foods. They are used fresh or dried. They are used to flavour stuffings, fish, meat, cheese, vinegar and gravy. They are added to the brine in which olives are pickled. It is used in soup that contains eggs and bread soaked in olive oil. The fresh or dried leaves can be used for tea. Young shoots are used as a garnish.
Uses environmental use essential oil food food additive material medicinal non-vertebrate poison oil ornamental poison seasoning tea vertebrate poison
Edible flowers leaves
Therapeutic use Antiseptic (unspecified), Antitussive (unspecified), Bronchitis (unspecified), Cancer (unspecified), Carminative (unspecified), Colic (unspecified), Demulcent (unspecified), Diaphoretic (unspecified), Expectorant (unspecified), Fungicide (unspecified), Repellant(Insect) (unspecified), Labor (unspecified), Laryngitis (unspecified), Lung (unspecified), Nervine (unspecified), Pectoral (unspecified), Pertussis (unspecified), Rubefacient (unspecified), Sedative (unspecified), Spasm (unspecified), Spice (unspecified), Tumor (unspecified), Vermifuge (unspecified), Depurative (unspecified), Gargle (unspecified), Liniment (unspecified), Stimulant (unspecified), Tumor(Digestive) (unspecified), Anodyne (unspecified), Cough (unspecified), Diuretic (unspecified), Apertif (unspecified), Digestive (unspecified), Mouthwash (unspecified), Anthelmintics (unspecified), Antioxidants (unspecified), Bronchial spasm (unspecified), Dental caries (unspecified), Diarrhea (unspecified), Dyspepsia (unspecified), Gastritis (unspecified), Gastrointestinal diseases (unspecified), Mouth diseases (unspecified), Whooping cough (unspecified)
Human toxicity weak toxic (aerial)
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

It can be grown from seeds or by cuttings or by dividing up an established plant. Cutting tips off plants often will encourage a bushy growth.
Mode cuttings divisions seedlings
Germination duration (days) 11 - 22
Germination temperacture (C°) 20
Germination luminosity light
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -23
Optimum temperature (C°) 16 - 25
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Thymus vulgaris habit picture by Arjen (cc-by-sa)
Thymus vulgaris habit picture by Alain Chatelet (cc-by-sa)
Thymus vulgaris habit picture by Daniel Barthelemy (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Thymus vulgaris leaf picture by Adéla Adéla Levá (cc-by-sa)
Thymus vulgaris leaf picture by Cyril ZOLLI (cc-by-sa)
Thymus vulgaris leaf picture by diane genet (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Thymus vulgaris flower picture by Benoit Rostagni (cc-by-sa)
Thymus vulgaris flower picture by Georges Serret (cc-by-sa)
Thymus vulgaris flower picture by Guilhem Espert (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Thymus vulgaris fruit picture by Diego Alex (cc-by-sa)
Thymus vulgaris fruit picture by patrick Heuret (cc-by-sa)
Thymus vulgaris fruit picture by cscoq (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Thymus vulgaris world distribution map, present in Brazil, Switzerland, Cuba, Czech Republic, Dominica, Algeria, Spain, France, Haiti, Italy, New Zealand, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Puerto Rico, and United States of America

Conservation status

Thymus vulgaris threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:461765-1
WFO ID wfo-0000324951
COL ID 56RHL
BDTFX ID 68271
INPN ID 126582
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Thymus vulgaris Origanum thymus Thymus x subsp. ilerdensis Thymus collinus Thymus webbianus Thymus baeticus var. prostratus Thymus vulgaris var. palearensis Thymus zygis subsp. ilerdensis Thymus vulgaris var. capitatus Thymus vulgaris var. verticillatus Thymus vulgaris var. latifolius

Lower taxons

Thymus vulgaris subsp. aestivus Thymus vulgaris subsp. vulgaris Thymus vulgaris subsp. mansanetianus