Tillandsia usneoides (L.) L.

Spanish moss (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Poales > Bromeliaceae > Tillandsia

Characteristics

Plant very slenderly long-caulescent, branching at each node, up to 8 m long, growing pendent from trees in branching strands, soon rootless. Leaves many, very laxly and distichously distributed along the coiled filiform stem, 2-6 cm long, shorter than to exceeding the internodes, densely lepidote with spreading or subappressed scales, cinereous-green; sheaths distinct, contracted into the blade, lanceolate, closely involute around the stem, ca. 0.2 x 0.8 cm, blades arching or spreading, flexible, filiform, 1.5-5 cm long, less than 1 mm wide. Inflorescence reduced to a single flower or rarely two-flowered; scape practically none, with one or two imbricate foliaceous bracts with small blades; floral bract erect, membranaceous, with even or veined surface when dry, suborbicular, much shorter than the sepals, rounded and acuminate, ecarinate, glabrous at the base to densely lepidote in upper half. Flowers short-pedicellate, extremely fragant for its size; sepals membranaceous, with veined surface when dry, ovate-oblong, 6-7 mm long, acute, evenly short connate, ecarinate; petals ligulate, 9-11 mm long, the blade spreading or recurved, acutish or obtuse, bright-green; stamens deeply included, about twice as long as the pistil, filaments subslender, flat when dry, anthers basifixed, ca. 1 mm long, pollen orange; ovary subglobose, ca. 1 mm long, abruptly contracted into the short (1 mm) style, stigma lobed. Capsule slenderly cylindric, to 2.5 cm long, abruptly rounded and short-beaked.
More
Plants pendent in long festoons, flowering to 300 cm. Stems elongate. Leaves 4--8, 2-ranked, often twisted or contorted, gray to silver-gray, 1.5--3 ´ 0.1--0.2 cm, densely grayish-scaly; sheath pale, narrowly elliptic, not inflated, not forming pseudobulb, 0.2--0.4 cm wide; blade filiform, succulent, margins involute to nearly tubular, apex acute. Inflorescences: scape concealed within leaf sheath, appearing scapeless, pendent with shoot, ± 1 mm diam. Floral bracts enveloping flower, erect, green, broad (covering all or most of rachis, rachis not visible at anthesis), ovate, not keeled, 0.4--0.5 cm, thin-leathery, apex acute, surfaces densely grayish-scaly, venation even to slight. Flowers 1, inconspicuous, apparently sessile; sepals free, ovate, not keeled, 0.6--0.7 cm, thin, veined, apex acute, surfaces glabrous; corolla spreading, petals spreading, yellow-green, elliptic, to 1 cm; stamens included; stigma included, simple-erect. Fruits to 2.5 cm.
Growing pendent from trees in slen-der branching strands up to 8 m. long. Roots absent. Stem less than 1 mm. thick, sympodial, the internodes 3-6 cm. long with only the extreme base covered by the leaves, curved. Leaves distichous, 5 cm. long, densely lepidote; sheaths elliptic, 8 mm. long; blades fili-form, less than 1 mm. thick. Scape lacking. Inflorescence reduced to a single flower. Floral bract shorter than the sepals, ovate, lepidote. Sepals nar-rowly ovate, acute, to 7 mm. long, thin, nerved, glabrous, equally short-connate. Petals narrow, 9-11 mm. long, pale green or blue. Stamens deeply included, ex-ceeding the pistil. Capsule cylindric, to 25 mm. long.
Pendent, much-branched, usually rootless epiphyte to 8 m long. Stems sympodial, c. 1 mm diam., spirally twisting. Leaves distichous, linear-subulate, stem-clasping, 3-5 per branch, 25-50 mm long, c. 1 mm diam., densely lepidote, ash grey. Flowers solitary, sessile, c. 10 mm long, 5-6 mm diam.; bract sheathing, shorter than sepals. Sepals connate, 7 mm long; posterior sepals keeled. Petals narrow, obtuse or acute, 9-11 mm long, reflexed at anthesis. Stamens 8 mm long; filaments filiform; anthers 0.5-1 mm long. Ovary 1.5-2 mm long; style 1.5-2 mm long. Capsule to 25 mm long. Seeds 2-3 mm long; appendage to 25 mm long, white.
Plants rootless, pendent from trees, consisting of slender, wiry, branching stems to 5 m, bearing numerous scattered, densely cinereous-lepidote, filiform lvs 2–5 cm; infl reduced to a single subsessile fl terminating very short axillary branches; sep narrowly ovate, to 7 mm; pet narrow, recurved, green fading yellowish, 1 cm; fr cylindric, 2.5 cm; 2n=32. Trop. Amer., n. on the coastal plain to Va. and historically to s. Md.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support epiphyte
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 4.0 - 8.0
Mature height (meter) 4.5 - 5.5
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway cam

Environment

An epiphyte, growing down from the crooks of tree branches.
Light 3-5
Soil humidity 4-6
Soil texture -
Soil acidity 5-6
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 10-11

Usage

Uses environmental use fiber material medicinal
Edible -
Therapeutic use Febrifuge (unspecified), Astringent (unspecified), Emmenagogue (unspecified), Fever (unspecified), Hemostat (unspecified), Inflammation (unspecified), Obesity (unspecified), Tumor (unspecified), Vulnerary (unspecified), Sudorific (unspecified), Epilepsy (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) 30 - 90
Germination temperacture (C°) 15 - 21
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) 1
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Tillandsia usneoides habit picture by Chris Griggs (cc-by-sa)
Tillandsia usneoides habit picture by Selena Medicine Herb (cc-by-sa)
Tillandsia usneoides habit picture by Trap Hers (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Tillandsia usneoides leaf picture by Eli Small (cc-by-sa)
Tillandsia usneoides leaf picture by Victoria Duda (cc-by-sa)
Tillandsia usneoides leaf picture by Chris Griggs (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Tillandsia usneoides flower picture by Brandi Robinson (cc-by-sa)
Tillandsia usneoides flower picture by Gabriel Ollivier (cc-by-sa)
Tillandsia usneoides flower picture by Gabriel Ollivier (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Tillandsia usneoides world distribution map, present in Åland Islands, Argentina, Australia, Bahamas, Belize, Bermuda, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Chile, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Ecuador, Georgia, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Haiti, Jamaica, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Puerto Rico, Paraguay, Suriname, Uruguay, United States of America, and Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)

Conservation status

Tillandsia usneoides threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:1169665-2
WFO ID wfo-0000586340
COL ID 56YBS
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 447786
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Tillandsia usneoides f. cretacea Tillandsia usneoides f. major Tillandsia filiformis Strepsia usneoides Tillandsia trichoides Dendropogon usneoides Tillandsia crinita Tillandsia usneoides f. crispa Tillandsia usneoides f. ferruginea Tillandsia usneoides var. cretacea Tillandsia usneoides var. ferruginea Tillandsia usneoides var. filiformis Tillandsia usneoides var. longissima Tillandsia usneoides var. robusta Tillandsia usneoides var. ferruginea Tillandsia usneoides f. filiformis Tillandsia usneoides f. longissima Tillandsia usneoides f. robusta Tillandsia usneoides var. crispa Tillandsia usneoides var. major Tillandsia usneoides