Tolpis barbata (L.) Gaertn.

European umbrella milkwort (en), Trépane barbue (fr), Tolpide barbue (fr), Tolpis barbu (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Asterales > Asteraceae > Tolpis

Characteristics

Annuals to c. 0.6 m high, with appressed-cobwebby or woolly indumentum on stems and capitula, becoming glabrous, with sparse to dense septate hairs on leaves, or leaves ± glabrous. Basal leaves often persistent at anthesis, to c. 11 cm long, with l:w ratio c. 4, undivided or antrorsely lobed, attenuate at base, entire, denticulate or dentate; cauline leaves 1–4, becoming somewhat narrower upwards, attenuate at base. Capitula 2–7; peduncle of primary capitulum to c. 3 cm long, c. 1 mm diam.; peduncle of lateral capitula to 12 cm long, mostly c. 0.3–0.6 mm diam.; involucre 8–10 mm long, c. 2–4 mm diam.; outer bracts 15–25, divergent, linear, 8–10 mm long, setaceous; inner bracts c. 16–22, c. 5 mm long, often developing tubercles on midrib, with hyaline margin distinct and vestigial in alternate bracts. Florets: ligule c. 2–5 mm long, yellow with a purple band or entirely purple in central florets; style hairs pale. Achenes c. obloid, 1.3–1.7 mm long, not tapering distally; marginal achenes housed within concavity of hardened inner bract at maturity, densely brown-hairy; central achenes with numerous close-spaced ribs, glabrous. Pappus white; pappus of marginal achenes c. 0.4 mm long, of scales of varying length; pappus of central achenes 3–5 mm long; bristles 2–4, wider at base, scabridulous; intervening shorter scales more numerous, c. 0.3 mm long.
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Annual herb. Stems erect or ascending, branched above, ribbed, glabrous or with cobwebby hairs, 5-45-(100) cm tall. Lvs with short eglandular hairs, petiolate or cuneate to base. Rosette and lower stem lvs linear-oblanceolate, shallowly pinnatifid or dentate, acute, 20-125 × 4-25 mm. Upper lvs linear-lanceolate, entire or toothed, the uppermost filiform. Capitula on curved thickened peduncles, the axillary peduncles overtopping the terminal capitula. Involucre 10-15 mm long; bracts with cobwebby tomentum, filiform with thickened midrib; outer bracts spreading or erecto-patent, = or > inner; inner bracts erect. Corolla usually yellow, sometimes purple at base, rarely purple, c. 11/2× length of involucre; tube < ligule. Achenes narrowly obconic, 4-angled, dark, 1-1.5 mm long, flat at apex; outer row of achenes pubescent with pappus of only short hairs c. 0.3 mm long; inner achenes glabrous with pappus of short hairs and (2)-4 long bristles 3-4 mm long.
A herb.
Life form annual
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention -
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination
Spread epizoochory
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.04 - 0.15
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Grows on roadsides and other disturbed sites in woodland and forest.
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It is a Mediterranean climate plant.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 6-11

Usage

The leaves at the base are used raw in salads or cooked in stews.
Uses -
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) 4 - 8
Germination temperacture (C°) 12 - 15
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Tolpis barbata habit picture by Antonio Ezquerro A. (cc-by-sa)
Tolpis barbata habit picture by Acosta García Isabel (cc-by-sa)
Tolpis barbata habit picture by fabricekx (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Tolpis barbata leaf picture by Acosta García Isabel (cc-by-sa)
Tolpis barbata leaf picture by Díaz Enrique (cc-by-sa)
Tolpis barbata leaf picture by Manu Pacha (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Tolpis barbata flower picture by Pilar Quinteiro (cc-by-sa)
Tolpis barbata flower picture by Antonio Ezquerro A. (cc-by-sa)
Tolpis barbata flower picture by Jose Juan León Armero (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Tolpis barbata fruit picture by Llandrich anna (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Tolpis barbata world distribution map, present in Australia, Chile, Algeria, Spain, France, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Gibraltar, Morocco, New Zealand, Portugal, Slovakia, Tunisia, United States of America, and Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:255787-1
WFO ID wfo-0000091856
COL ID 57BM6
BDTFX ID 68513
INPN ID 126812
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Drepania falcata Drepania pallida Drepania barbata Tolpis pallidiflora Cichorium barbatum Tolpis canariensis Tolpis baetica Swertia barbata Tolpis bivonae Tolpis dichroa Tolpis discolor Tolpis prolifera Crepis pallida Drepania barbata Crepis barbata Crepis baetica Tolpis barbata var. barbata Tolpis barbata subsp. barbata Tolpis barbata subsp. umbellata Tolpis barbata