Torenia thouarsii (Cham. & Schltdl.) Kuntze

Species

Angiosperms > Lamiales > Linderniaceae > Torenia

Characteristics

Ascending herb to 20 cm tall, the stems branching freely, slender, drying sulcate, sparingly glandular on emerging, soon glabrescent; roots short and fibrous. Leaves opposite, lanceolate to ovate, apically obtuse or acute, basally obtuse, rounded or truncate, the margins crenate serrate with ca. 6 teeth on each side, mostly 1.5-2.5 cm long, 8-12 mm wide, the venation pinnate with ca. 3 pairs of strongly ascending arcuate veins on each side, glabrate but ciliolate with short, white trichomes at the margins and on the main veins beneath, obscurely glandular punctate beneath; petiole 2-7 mm long, the margins ciliate, especially at the base. Inflorescence 1-3 flowers in the leaf axil, sometimes geminate or ternate; peduncles glabrate, sulcate, exceeding the petioles, 5-15 mm long, the bracts basal, linear, 1-2 mm long, ciliate. Flowers with the calyx tubular, nar-rowly ovoid or pyriform, with narrow, ciliolate wing angles, with 5 short lobes, somewhat accrescent in fruit; corolla slightly exserted from the calyx, bluish, purplish or whitish, tubular, ca. 10 mm long, 5-lobed, the lobes rotund, erose crenulate, ca. 2 mm across, bearded in the throat with stout whitish clavate hairs; stamens 4, the ventral pair inserted near the corolla mouth, the filaments genicu-late, with a sterile, linear extension from the point of insertion, ca. 1.5 mm free, the anthers somewhat reduced, the thecae separated by the connective, rotund, the dorsal pair inserted ca. 1 mm below the ventral pair, the filaments arching above the style and not geniculate, anthers 0.8 mm free, the 'thecae separated, divaricate, ca. 1.7 mm long, the connectives somewhat glandular, coherent holding the 2 anthers together; staminode inserted between and slightly above the fila-ments bearing a small globose antheroid; ovary narrowly conical, smooth, glabrous, the style straight, terete, the stigmas discoid, erose, flattened together, ca. 0.7 mm long. Capsule narrowly ovoid conical, scarcely exserted from the calyx, dehiscing septicidally to the base.
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A slender straggling herb. It grows 40 cm high. It can form roots at the nodes. The leaves are 12-20 mm long by 8-15 mm wide. The flowers are white or pink. They can occur singly or as 2-6 together. The fruit is a capsule 7-10 mm long and 3 mm wide. The seeds are pale yellow.
Leaves 12–20(30) x 8–15 mm., broadly lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, shortly patent hirsute, acute or obtuse at apex, rounded, subtruncate or shortly cuneate at base, serrate to serrate-crenate, margin occasionally thickened.
Slender, straggling, procumbent or weakly ascending; stems simple or branched up to 40 cm. or more long, subpilose or often glabrous, quadrangular, sometimes rooting at nodes.
Flowers white or pink, through blue to purple or mauve, solitary axillary or more usually 2–6 together, fascicled or on very small leafless branches.
Calyx 5–6 mm. long, up to 10 mm. long at fruiting, sparingly hirsute to subglabrous, narrowly winged, markedly so at fruiting.
Capsule 7–9.5 mm. long, 2.5–3.25 mm. in diam., narrowly oblong-ellipsoid.
Leaves petiolate. Flowers distinctly pedicellate, pedicels 4-22 mm long.
Pedicels 4–22 mm. long, hirsute, somewhat reflexed in fruit.
Bracts 1.25–4 mm. long, narrowly linear.
Petiole 0.5–3 mm. long, hirsute.
Corolla 10–12 mm. long.
Seeds pale yellow.
Life form -
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention -
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.2
Root system fibrous-root
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

A tropical plant. It grows in grassland and marshes. It grows from sea level to 1,750 m.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Uses medicinal
Edible leaves stems
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) 15 - 30
Germination temperacture (C°) 21 - 23
Germination luminosity light
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Distribution

Torenia thouarsii world distribution map, present in Angola, Burundi, Benin, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Botswana, Central African Republic, China, Côte d'Ivoire, Cameroon, Congo, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Equatorial Guinea, Guyana, India, Kenya, Liberia, Madagascar, Mali, Myanmar, Mozambique, Mauritius, Malawi, Nigeria, Nepal, Panama, Peru, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Sudan, Sao Tome and Principe, Suriname, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Conservation status

Torenia thouarsii threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:255156-2
WFO ID wfo-0000458587
COL ID 57FM9
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Torenia nortenia Torenia thouarsii Torenia parviflora Torenia ramosissima Torenia nana Torenia chamaedrys Torenia pedunculariformis Torenia viguieri Nortenia thouarsii Lindernia thouarsii Torenia gavottiana Nortenia thouarsii var. nivea Torenia thouarsii var. nivea