Trigonostemon Blume

Genus

Angiosperms > Malpighiales > Euphorbiaceae

Characteristics

Shrubs or trees, evergreen, perennial, monoecious; stems and foliage without latex. Indumentum of simple, multicellular trichomes, glandular trichomes absent, stinging trichomes absent. Stipules entire, inconspicuous, deciduous. Leaves alternate to subopposite, petiolate, elobate, entire to crenate, penninerved; glands 2 at top of petiole. Inflorescences terminal or axillary, racemose, solitary, uni-or bisexual and androgynous with the flowers in bracteate clusters. Male flowers pedicellate; calyx lobes 5, imbricate, shortly connate; petals 5, imbricate, free; disc of 5 glands often united in annular cup; stamens 3 or 5, filaments connate into short column; anthers dorsifixed, bilobate, thecae oblong and longitudinally dehiscent; pistillodes absent. Female flowers pedicellate; calyx lobes 5, imbricate, shortly connate; petals 5, imbricate, free; disc of small free or united glands; ovary 1–3-locular, ovules uniloculate; styles shortly connate at base, shortly bifid. Fruit capsular, trilobate, surface smooth, dehiscing septicidally into 3 bivalved cocci. Seeds ovoid; testa crustaceous; albumen fleshy; ecarunculate; cotyledons broad, flat.
More
Trees or shrubs, monoecious. Leaves simple, alternate, rarely opposite to nearly whorled; stipules small, persistent or deciduous; leaf blade unlobed, pinnately veined, sometimes stipulate at base, paired glands at apex of petiole. Flowers androgynous or anisogynous; inflorescences terminal or axillary, racemose or thyrsoid. Male flowers: sepals 5, free, imbricate; petals 5, exceeding calyx; disk cupular or annular, or shortly divided, or dissected, sometimes divided into 5 glands; stamens 3-5; filaments connate or only free at upper part; anther connective enlarged, often elongated, thecae adnate to thickened connectives; pistillode absent. Female flowers: pedicels usually prominently stronger than axil of inflorescence; sepals and petals as in male; disk annular or cupular, usually unlobed; ovary 3-locular; ovules 1 per locule; styles 3, free, connate at near base, bifid or unlobed at apex. Capsules 3-valved. Seeds not carunculate; testa dry; endosperm present; endosperm fleshy; cotyledon broad and flat.
Life form perennial
Growth form
Growth support -
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality monoecy
Pollination -
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Environment

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Hardiness (USDA) 8-12

Usage

Uses -
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

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Distribution

Trigonostemon world distribution map, present in Andorra, Australia, Bangladesh, China, Indonesia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Myanmar, Philippines, Thailand, and Viet Nam

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:332032-2
WFO ID wfo-4000039169
COL ID 8W4D8
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 672799
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Actephilopsis Trigonostemon

Lower taxons

Trigonostemon apetalogyne Trigonostemon cherrieri Trigonostemon cumingii Trigonostemon diffusus Trigonostemon elegantissimus Trigonostemon flavidus Trigonostemon hartleyi Trigonostemon hirsutus Trigonostemon howii Trigonostemon matangensis Trigonostemon oblanceolatus Trigonostemon pentandrus Trigonostemon polyanthus Trigonostemon reidioides Trigonostemon rubescens Trigonostemon rufescens Trigonostemon salicifolius Trigonostemon sandakanensis Trigonostemon semperflorens Trigonostemon serratus Trigonostemon sinclairii Trigonostemon stellaris Trigonostemon stenophyllus Trigonostemon sunirmalii Trigonostemon xyphophylloides Trigonostemon bonianus Trigonostemon carnosulus Trigonostemon elmeri Trigonostemon everettii Trigonostemon filiformis Trigonostemon inopinatus Trigonostemon ionthocarpus Trigonostemon laetus Trigonostemon laxiflorus Trigonostemon longipedunculatus Trigonostemon malaccanus Trigonostemon pachyphyllus Trigonostemon thorelii Trigonostemon thyrsoideus Trigonostemon verrucosus Trigonostemon verticillatus Trigonostemon villosus Trigonostemon viridissimus Trigonostemon voratus Trigonostemon wenzelii Trigonostemon wetriifolius Trigonostemon whiteanus Trigonostemon albiflorus Trigonostemon aurantiacus Trigonostemon capillipes Trigonostemon chinensis Trigonostemon fragilis Trigonostemon heteranthus Trigonostemon diplopetalus Trigonostemon dipteranthus Trigonostemon eberhardtii Trigonostemon hybridus Trigonostemon kerrii Trigonostemon laevigatus Trigonostemon lanceolatus Trigonostemon murtonii Trigonostemon laoticus Trigonostemon longipes Trigonostemon magnificus Trigonostemon matanginsu Trigonostemon merrillii Trigonostemon nemoralis Trigonostemon nigrifolius Trigonostemon philippinensis Trigonostemon phyllocalyx Trigonostemon pierrei Trigonostemon poilanei Trigonostemon praetervisus Trigonostemon quocensis Trigonostemon lychnos Trigonostemon adenocalyx Trigonostemon detritiferus Trigonostemon sanguineus Trigonostemon borneensis Trigonostemon capitellatum Trigonostemon angustifolius Trigonostemon beccarii Trigonostemon birmanicus Trigonostemon cochinchinensis Trigonostemon gaudichaudii Trigonostemon tuberculatus