Tufted annual herbs, subaquatic, becoming red-tinted after anthesis. Leaves linear, flattened. Capitula numerous, sessile or scapose, heterogamous, each with 1-5 male and 5-25 female flowers; bracts 2 or 4-8, ovate to lanceolate, erect or spreading, never sheathing. Male flower: anther oblong to elliptic, usually persistent; filament rigid, straight. Female flower: ovary trigonous or ovoid-trigonous; stigmatic hairs 2-6, attached directly to apex of ovary. Fruit dehiscent or indehiscent, with 3 equally spaced longitudinal ribs formed by prominent vascular bundles. Seed smooth or sculptured.