Urochloa panicoides P.Beauv.

Panic liverseed grass (en), Urochloé faux-millet (fr), Urochloa faux panic (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Poales > Poaceae > Urochloa

Characteristics

Tufted annual; culms 10–100 cm. high, often ascending from a prostrate rooting base.. Leaf-blades linear to narrowly lanceolate, 2–25 cm. long, 5–18 mm. wide, subamplexicaul, coarse, glabrous or pubescent, the margins tuberculate-ciliate at least near the base.. Inflorescence of 2–7(–10 or rarely more) racemes on a common axis 1–9 cm. long, racemes 1–7 cm. long, bearing single or sometimes paired spikelets on a narrowly winged rhachis, the pedicels (sometimes also the rhachis) with white hairs.. Spikelets elliptic, (2.5–)3.5–4.5(–5.5) mm. long, acute; lower glume ovate, 1/4 to almost 1/2 as long as the spikelet (very rarely more), 3–5-nerved, obtuse to subacute; upper glume often with cross-veins, glabrous or pubescent; lower lemma sometimes with a setose fringe; upper lemma rugulose with a mucro 0.3–1 mm. long.
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Annual. Culms loosely tufted, geniculately ascending, 20–80 cm tall, nodes bearded. Leaf sheaths loose, with tubercle-based setae, one margin densely ciliate; leaf blades linear-lanceolate, 5–15(–20) × 0.5–1.5 cm, glabrous to thinly pilose, margins pectinate-ciliate at least toward amplexicaul base, apex acuminate; ligule 1.5–2 mm. Inflorescence axis 3–6 cm; racemes 3–10, 2–6 cm, stiff, diverging; rachis flattened, setose mainly from the short stout pedicels; spikelets usually borne singly or in pairs at base, occasionally mostly paired, overlapping by ca. 1/3 their length. Spikelets ovate-elliptic, 4–5 mm, glabrous or pubescent, cuspidate; lower glume ovate,1/4–1/3 spikelet length, 3–5-veined, obtuse; upper glume 5–9-veined with evident cross veins; upper lemma rugose, mucro 0.4–1 mm. Fl. and fr. Sep–Oct.
Tufted erect or prostrate annual, 100-900 mm high; often spreading cartwheel-like. Leaf blade 20-250 x 5-18 mm; ligule a fringed membrane to a fringe of hairs. Inflorescence of 2-7(-10), secund racemes, 10-90 mm long, scattered alternately on a central axis. Spikelets (2.5-)3.5-4.5(-5.5) mm long, dorsiventrally compressed, elliptic; glumes unequal, dissimilar; lower glume < 1/2 as long as spikelet (rarely longer), apex broadly rounded or truncate, 3-5-nerved; upper glume 9-nerved, cross-veins often present, glabrous or pubescent. Florets 2; lower floret male or sterile, lemma sometimes with a fringe of stiff hairs near margins; upper floret bisexual, lemma indurated, rugulose, entire, awn 0.3-1.0 mm long, shorter than spikelet; anther 0.9-2.0 mm long. Flowering time Oct.-May.
Tufted erect or prostrate annual 100-900 mm high; often spreading cartwheel-like; basal sheaths glabrous to densely hairy, rarely splitting into fibres. Leaf blade 20-250 x 5-18 mm. Inflorescence of 2-7(-10) racemes, 10-90 mm long. Spikelet (2.5-)3.5-4.5(-5.5) mm long, elliptic; lower glume less than 1/2 as long as spikelet (rarely longer), without stiff hairs on the back, apex broadly rounded or truncate; upper glume 9-nerved, cross-veins often present, glabrous or pubescent; lower lemma sometimes with a fringe of stiff hairs near the margins; upper lemma rugulose, awn 0.3-1.0 mm long; anther 0.9-2.0 mm long.
Annual; up to 0.9 m high; tufted. Culms erect or procumbent; often spreading cartwheel-like. Leaf blades 20-250 x 5-18 mm. Flowers: in spaced; digitate inflorescences; racemes 2-7(-10); 10-90 mm long; spikelets (2.5-)3.5-4.5(-5.5) mm long; lower glume 1/3 as long as spikelet; upper glume 9-nerved; cross-veins often present on upper glume and lemmas; awn on upper lemma 0.3-1.0 mm long.
Annual, tufted (erect or prostrate, often spreading cartweel-like), up to 0.9 m high. Leaf blades 20-250 mm long, 5-18 mm wide. Spikelets (2.5-)3.5-4.5(-5.5) mm long. Inflorescence of 2-7(-10) racemes, 10-90 mm long; lower glume less than half the spikelet length; cross-veins often present on upper glume and lemmas; awn on upper lemma 0.3-1.0 mm long.
Inflorescence of 2–7 (rarely more) racemes, these 1–7 cm. long bearing single or sometimes paired spikelets on a narrowly winged rhachis, the pedicels (rarely also the rhachis) with long white hairs.
An annual grass. It forms loose tufts. It is 20-80 cm tall. The leaf sheaths are loose. The blades are sword shaped and 5-15 cm long by 0.5-1.5 cm wide.
Inferior glume 1/4–1/3(1/2) length of spikelet, ovate, 3–5 nerved. Superior glume usually with cross nerves.
Inferior lemma usually with cross nerves. Superior lemma rugulose, with a mucro 0.3–1.3 mm. long.
Leaf laminae linear to narrowly lanceolate, subamplexicaul, coarse, glabrous or pubescent.
Spikelets (2.5) 3.5–4.5 (5.5) mm. long, elliptic, glabrous, pubescent or setosely fringed.
Culms 10–100 cm. high, often ascending from a prostrate rooting base.
Annual.
Life form annual
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.1 - 0.9
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 1.5
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway

Environment

It grows in warm temperate places. It grows in moist grasslands and lake sides. In Africa in grows between sea level and 1,600 m above sea level. In Argentina it grows between 300-700 m above sea level. In Sichuan and Yunnan.
Light -
Soil humidity 1-3
Soil texture 1-2
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-12

Usage

The seeds are ground into flour and then mixed with maize or beans before making bread. The seeds are sun dried then crushed and winnowed before being cooked with salt and eaten with beans.
Uses animal food fodder medicinal vertebrate poison
Edible seeds
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) 20 - 32
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Urochloa panicoides habit picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)
Urochloa panicoides habit picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)
Urochloa panicoides habit picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Urochloa panicoides leaf picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)
Urochloa panicoides leaf picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)
Urochloa panicoides leaf picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Urochloa panicoides flower picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)
Urochloa panicoides flower picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)
Urochloa panicoides flower picture by Susan Brown (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Urochloa panicoides world distribution map, present in Andorra, Burkina Faso, Bangladesh, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Botswana, China, Cuba, Cyprus, Denmark, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Indonesia, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Kenya, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Lesotho, Madagascar, Myanmar, Mozambique, Mauritius, Namibia, Nepal, Oman, Pakistan, Palau, Réunion, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Somalia, eSwatini, Chad, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, United States of America, Viet Nam, Yemen, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Conservation status

Urochloa panicoides threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:426270-1
WFO ID wfo-0000906872
COL ID 7DTQ6
BDTFX ID 51018
INPN ID 128251
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Echinochloa hirta Hemigymnia javanica Oplismenus hirsutus Panicum borzianum Panicum controversum Panicum hirsutum Panicum hochstetterianum Panicum javanicum Panicum koenigii Panicum marathense Panicum rothii Urochloa helopus Urochloa longifolia Urochloa ruschii Oplismenus javanicus Panicum japonicum Panicum oxycephalum Setaria hirsuta Oplismenus hirtus Panicum hirtum Panicum panicoides Panicum setarioides Panicum urochloa Setaria pilifera Urochloa javanica Urochloa jinshaicola Urochloa marathensis Urochloa pubescens Urochloa yuanmouensis Panicum helopus Panicum helopus var. glabrescens Panicum trichopus subsp. breviglume Panicum trichopus var. glaberrimum Panicum trichopus var. trichophorum Urochloa helopus var. hochstetteriana Urochloa marathensis var. velutina Urochloa panicoides var. marathensis Urochloa panicoides var. pubescens Urochloa panicoides var. velutina Panicum helopus f. glabrescens Setaria hirta Urochloa panicoides var. panicoides Urochloa longifolia var. yuanmuensis Urochloa panicoides