Vaccinium bracteatum Thunb.

Sea bilberry (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Ericales > Ericaceae > Vaccinium

Characteristics

Shrub or small terrestrial tree, up to 6 m. Branchlets slender, tips greyish puberulent, older parts mostly early glabrescent. Leaves lax, lanceolate-oblong to elliptic-or ovate-lanceolate, variable in shape and size, rather long acuminate, acute, the tip with a sharp point, often somewhat curved, base acutely attenuate to the petiole, chartaceous to subcoriaceous, in erect reddish pink flushes when young, old ones withering red, light green, glabrous, finely though distinctly crenulate-serrate in general, rarely subentire, (3-)4—8 by (1.5-)2-3(-3.5) cm, midrib and nerves slightly prominent on both faces, sometimes puberulent as is the petiole, nerves 6-7 pairs, rather steeply ascending and anastomosing, reticulation lax, not much visible; petiole slender, 2-4 mm. Racemes from the upper axils, many-flowered, mostly greyish and shortly pubescent in all outer parts, glabrescent towards the fruiting stage; rachis slender, (2.5-)3-8 (in fruit up to 15) cm. Flowers fragrant, all set in a row and facing down. Pedicels 1-2 (-4, in fruit rarely up to 6) mm, bract foliaceous, small, subpersistent. Calyx tube cup-shaped, 1-1.5 mm, lobes triangular, acute, 1-1.5 mm. Corolla ur-ceolate-cylindric, slightly 5-angular, pink or white, pubescent on both sides, 5-6(-7) by 2.5 mm, lobes recurved, 1 mm. Filaments subulate, hairy below, 2-2.5 mm; anther-cells broad-oblong, base obtuse, almost 1 mm, whether or not minutely 2-spurred at the back; tubules slender, cylindric, c. 1.8 mm, opening by oblique short slits. Disk densely grey-pubescent. Style slender, glabrous, c. 5.5 mm. Berry globose, pubescent at the top, glabrescent elsewhere, reddish or finally dull purple or blackish, c. 4 mm ø.
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Shrubs or small trees, evergreen, 2–6(–9) m tall, much branched. Twigs inconspicuously angled, pubescent or glabrous; bud scales inconspicuous. Leaves scattered; petiole 2–8 mm, puberulous or glabrous; leaf blade elliptic, rhombic-or lanceolate-elliptic, or lanceolate, rarely obovate, (1.1–)4–9 × (0.7–)2–4 cm, thinly leathery, glabrous, secondary veins 5–7 pairs, barely raised, fine veins conspicuous or not, base cuneate, broadly cuneate, or obtuse, margin plane, denticulate, apex acute, acuminate, rarely rounded or long acuminate. Inflorescences pseudoterminal, racemose, 4–10 cm, densely pubescent, rarely glabrous, many flowered; bracts persistent or caducous, leaflike, lanceolate, 0.5–2 cm. Pedicel ca. 4 mm, densely pubescent or subglabrous. Hypanthium densely pubescent or tomentellate, rarely subglabrous; calyx limb ca. 1 mm, triangular-toothed. Corolla white, rarely reddish, tubular or slightly urceolate, 5–7 mm, densely pubescent; lobes reflexed, triangular. Filaments 2–2.5 mm, densely pilose; anthers 2–2.5 mm, without spurs; tubules 2–2.5 × as long as thecae. Berry 10-pseudoloculed, dark purple, pubescent. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Aug–Oct.
An evergreen shrub. It grows 0.6-0.9 m tall. It spreads 0.6-0.9 m wide. It can be 3 m high. The branches are slender and grey but are red when young. The leaves are narrowly oval and have small teeth. The leaves are red when young and turn pale green. They are 5 cm long by 2 cm wide. The flowers are small and white or pink. There are often 10 flowers in a group. The fruit are red berries. The fruit are 5 mm across.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 0.6 - 0.9
Mature height (meter) 2.0 - 4.5
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) 0.3
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A tropical plant. It grows in temperate places. It grows in dense forests. In Yunnan in China it grows between 1,100-2,000 m altitude. It grows in subtropical broadleaved evergreen forest. In Japan it grows in poor soils along the coast. It suits hardiness zones 7-10. In Sichuan and Yunnan.
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Common locally on sandy coasts, also in shady ravines on sandstone or granite mountain tops (where the leaves are slightly tougher), in moist places, said to occur also in padang vegetation, from the sea-shore up to 1830 m, always on acid soil. Fl. fr. Jan.-Dec.
Low elevations in mountains. Forests, thickets, grassy places at roadsides; at elevations from 400-1,500 metres, occasionally to 1,900 metres.
Light 4-9
Soil humidity 4-7
Soil texture 4-6
Soil acidity 1-4
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 7-9

Usage

The fruit are slightly acid and eaten raw when fully ripe. They are also used for jam and wine. The leafy shoots are boiled with rice to turn it black.
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Uses. Fruit rather hard and not much juicy, edible when quite ripe.
Uses dye food gene source medicinal
Edible fruits leaves
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

It can be grown from seed or by cuttings.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) 365
Germination temperacture (C°) 18 - 23
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -18
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Vaccinium bracteatum unspecified picture

Distribution

Vaccinium bracteatum world distribution map, present in Argentina, China, Ghana, Indonesia, Iceland, Japan, Cambodia, Korea (Republic of), Lao People's Democratic Republic, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Korea (Democratic People's Republic of), Singapore, Thailand, Taiwan, Province of China, and Viet Nam

Conservation status

Vaccinium bracteatum threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:927341-1
WFO ID wfo-0001048436
COL ID 7F7WM
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Vaccinium spicatum Vaccinium malaccense Pieris divaricata Pieris lucida Vaccinium bracteatum Pieris ovalifolia var. denticulata Vaccinium bracteatum var. longitubum Vaccinium bracteatum var. bracteatum

Lower taxons

Vaccinium bracteatum var. chinense