Vaccinium exul Bolus

African blueberry (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Ericales > Ericaceae > Vaccinium

Characteristics

Shrubs or small trees 0.8-4(-7) m tall, single-stemmed or more usually much-branched from the base; branchlets somewhat sub-angular and thinly pubescent. Bark grey, pale brown or reddish, sometimes striated. Leaves alternate, dark green and glossy above, below light green sometimes blue-green, leathery, lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, 30-70 x 9-32 mm, glabrous or pubescent on midrib; margin serrate; apex acute or sometimes tapering; base slightly cuneate or sub-rounded, shortly petiolate; petiole about 2-5 mm long, frequently tinged pinkish. Inflorescence an axillary raceme, shorter than or as long as subtending leaf, to 40 mm long, usually somewhat hidden amongst foliage; pedicels 5-12 mm long, bracteolate; bracts and bracteoles variable in size, usually 2-5 mm long, base broad and semiamplexicaul, tapering into an acute or occasionally sub-obtuse apex, or bracteoles rarely acuminate and ciliate. Flowers white to cream sometimes pale pink or with a pinkish tinge; calyx tube basally fused to ovary, ±2 mm long, glabrous; calyx lobes sub-triangular from a broad base, ±1 x 1.5 mm at base. Corolla 6-7 mm long, oblong, urceolate; tube ±5 mm long, constricted in throat; lobes ±1.5 mm long, spreading to recurved, dull-or off-white, cream or white rarely greenish, faintly musky or softly sweetly scented. Stamens 10, included to manifest; filaments linear, ±2.5 mm long, pilose; anthers to 4.5 mm long, cells narrowing to apex and ending in apical pores, apices at level of mouth or slightly exerted from corolla tube. Ovary inferior, 4-5-chambered with 1 to many ovules in each chamber; style ±5 mm long, straight; stigma small, capitate. Fruit fleshy, succulent berry, sub-globose, 5-10 x 5-10 mm in diam. when dry (slightly larger when fresh), with remains of persistent, shrivelled calyx lobe bases encircling it near apex, greenish or yellowish turning red, maroon, bluish or black when ripe.
More
A shrub or small tree. It grows 2-4 m high. It can be 7 m high. The bark is light brown. The leaves are simple and alternate. They are oval and 4-6 cm long by 1-2 cm wide. They are leathery. They are green above and blue-green below. The edges are toothed. The leaf stalk is 5 mm long. The flowers are greenish or creamy-white. They are bell-shaped and 7 mm long. They occur in sprays in the axils of leaves. These are 4 cm long. The fruit are almost round and 7 mm across. They are red and become black when mature. The calyx forms a crown at the end.
Leaves alternate, narrowly ovate, acuminate, glandular serrate, 25–65 mm. long, 10–25 mm. broad, glabrous or sometimes with hairs on the basal part of the midrib on the ventral surface of the leaf; petioles glabrous or sometimes sparsely pubescent, 2–5 mm. long.
Pedicels glabrous, 3–7 mm. long in flower, extending to 8–13 mm. in fruit, and bearing two opposite bracteoles near the base; bracteoles leaf–like to narrow and membranous, 2–3 mm. long.
Stamens 8–10, included; filaments pubescent above, 2 mm. long; anthers versatile, puberulous, 3·0–3·5 mm. long, opening by pores at the apex of two long horns, without appendages.
Corolla 5–lobed, white or pink, obconical to narrowly urceolate, 5–6·5 mm. long, 3–4·5 mm. broad, lobes imbricate, obtuse, c. 1 mm. long, sinuses acute.
Small tree or shrub, up to 2 m high. Leaves alternate, simple, elliptic, coriaceous, margins regularly serrate. Flowers Erica-like, white.
Sepals 5, free, insertedd at the top of the ovary, triangular, acute, glabrous, c. 1·2 mm. long, c. 1·5 mm. broad.
Inflorescence consisting of axillary racemes, peduncles glabrous, 15–20–flowered, up to 80 mm. long.
Flowers subtended by caducous leaf–like bracts, to 15 mm. long but usually considerably smaller.
Branchlets glabrous, minutely puberulous, or occasionally sparsely pubescent.
Style included, 4–5·5 mm. long, not swollen above, shed in fruit.
Shrubs to 5 m. tall but usually less, branched from the base.
Fruit a red berry, 5–8 mm. in diameter.
Ovary glabrous.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 2.0 - 4.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a subtropical plant. It grows at high altitudes. It occurs in rocky outcrops and steep mountain grassland. It is often near the edges of forest. In Malawi it is not common and occurs at above 1,800 m altitude. It occurs up to 2,450 m altitude. It can grow in arid places.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture 7-8
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

The fruit can be eaten. They make good jam.
Uses food gene source material
Edible fruits
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) 365
Germination temperacture (C°) 18 - 23
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Vaccinium exul unspecified picture

Distribution

Vaccinium exul world distribution map, present in eSwatini and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:858927-1
WFO ID wfo-0001047245
COL ID 7F7LT
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Vaccinium exul

Lower taxons

Vaccinium exul var. africanum