Vaccinium myrtillus L.

Whortleberry (en), Myrtille commune (fr), Maurette (fr), Airelle myrtille (fr), Myrtille (fr), Brimbelle (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Ericales > Ericaceae > Vaccinium

Characteristics

Shrubs deciduous, dwarf, 15–30(–60) cm tall, much branched, rhizomatous. Twigs acutely angled; bud scales inconspicuous. Leaves scattered; petiole ca. 1 mm; leaf blade ovate or elliptic, 1–3 × 0.6–1.6 cm, papery, secondary veins 6 or 7 pairs, fine veins raised abaxially, inconspicuous adaxially, base broadly cuneate to rounded, margin plane, serrulate, apex acute to obtuse. Flowers solitary, axillary, pendulous, 1–3 at base of shoot. Pedicel 2.5–3.5 mm; bracteoles absent. Flowers 4-or 5-merous. Hypanthium ca. 4 mm, scarcely lobed. Corolla pale green, tinged with pink, globose-urceolate, 4–6 mm; lobes reflexed. Filaments ca. 1.5 mm, glabrous; anthers 2.2–2.5 mm, thecae with 2 subulate spurs, tubules shorter than thecae. Berry 4-or 5-loculed, bluish black, with a bloom, 6–10 mm in diam. Fl. Jun, fr. Sep. 2n = 24.
More
Plants forming open colonies, 0.5-12 dm, rhizomatous; twigs green, conspicuously 3-angled, glabrous or minutely puberulent along grooves. Leaf blades bright green, broadly elliptic or ovate, 19-27 × 7-11 mm, margins sharply serrate, surfaces laxly glandular abaxially. Flowers: calyx green, lobes ± recurved (or absent and margins of tube sinuate), deltate, 0.4-0.6 mm, glabrous; corolla pink, cream, or greenish white, globose, 3-5 × 5-7 mm, thin, glaucous; filaments glabrous. Berries purple-black or bluish black, rarely reddish or red, 7-9 mm diam. Seeds ca. 1 mm. 2n = 24, 48.
A small shrubby bush. It loses its leaves during the year. It is round and grows to 45 cm high and spreads 90 cm wide. The leaves are 25 mm long and have fine teeth along the edge. There are hairs on the veins underneath. The flowers are in small clusters. They are green when they open but turn red. The fruit are blue-black berries. They are blue inside. They are 6 mm across. They are edible.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread endozoochory
Mature width (meter) 0.5 - 0.9
Mature height (meter) 0.2 - 0.48
Root system creeping-root
Rooting depth (meter) 1.5
Root diameter (meter) 0.4
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It grows in north temperate regions. It can grow on poor stony soils. It can tolerate strong winds and frost. In Kazakhstan it grows in conifer forest with a good humus layer. In China it grows in high mountains in northern China. It grows in acidic and wet soils. It suits hardiness zones 3-9.
More
Heaths, moors and woods on acid soils to 1,250 metres. Heaths, montane heaths, boggy barrens, degraded meadows, open coniferous forests, oak parklands, disturbed or open birch woods, hummocky seepage slopes, moraines; to 2,600 metres.
Light 4-8
Soil humidity 4-7
Soil texture 3-6
Soil acidity 1-4
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 2-7

Usage

The fruit are eaten in jams, pies, and wine. The fruit are also eaten raw with sugar and cream. The leaves are dried and used for herbal tea. The young leaves are also chewed. They are added to soups. The fruit are used in a side dish with game and meat.
Uses animal food dye food gene source invertebrate food material medicinal tea
Edible flowers fruits leaves seeds shoots
Therapeutic use Diarrhea (fruit), Antidote (unspecified), Antiseptic (unspecified), Astringent (unspecified), Diuretic (unspecified), Inflammation (unspecified), Intestine (unspecified), Refrigerant (unspecified), Tonic (unspecified), Diabetes (unspecified), Catarrh (unspecified), Dysentery (unspecified), Hemostat (unspecified), Scurvy (unspecified), Typhoid (unspecified), Astringents (unspecified), Diuretics (unspecified), Cooling effect on body (unspecified)
Human toxicity nontoxic (leaf)
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants grow easily from seed. They can also be grown vegetatively.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) 365
Germination temperacture (C°) 18 - 22
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -45
Optimum temperature (C°) 8 - 17
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Vaccinium myrtillus habit picture by Sabina Hartmann (cc-by-sa)
Vaccinium myrtillus habit picture by Terje Norli (cc-by-sa)
Vaccinium myrtillus habit picture by Francois Mansour (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Vaccinium myrtillus leaf picture by Camacho Luis (cc-by-sa)
Vaccinium myrtillus leaf picture by Mo Donnachie (cc-by-sa)
Vaccinium myrtillus leaf picture by ba mad (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Vaccinium myrtillus flower picture by Terje Norli (cc-by-sa)
Vaccinium myrtillus flower picture by Terje Norli (cc-by-sa)
Vaccinium myrtillus flower picture by Reimund Wallner (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Vaccinium myrtillus fruit picture by Nicolas Roux (cc-by-sa)
Vaccinium myrtillus fruit picture by Emanuele Santarelli (cc-by-sa)
Vaccinium myrtillus fruit picture by anja john (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Vaccinium myrtillus world distribution map, present in Brazil, Canada, China, France, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and United States of America

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30006039-2
WFO ID wfo-0000422209
COL ID 7F76T
BDTFX ID 70489
INPN ID 128345
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Vaccinium myrtillus Vaccinium oreophilum Vitis-idaea myrtillus Vaccinium myrtillus var. oreophilum Vaccinium myrtillus subsp. oreophilum