Valeriana capensis Thunb.

Species

Angiosperms > Dipsacales > Caprifoliaceae > Valeriana

Characteristics

Perennial gynodioecious herb l.2–8(–14) dm. tall in flower, 1.5–10 dm. tall in fruit; rhizomes 3–7 mm. thick; fibrous roots 2–4 mm. thick; sometimes stoloniferous; stems erect, herbaceous, leafy at the base, l–4(–9) mm. thick, unbranched at the nodes (inflorescence sometimes branched but these branches supported by bracts); nodes solid and densely hairy, usually with shallow parallel ribs extending full length, terete to almost angled.. Leaves membranous, predominantly imparipinnate but sometimes pinnatifid and occasionally undivided, with 1–9 regularly or irregularly arranged pairs of essentially sessile leaflets, mostly obovate to oblanceolate; basal ones loosely tufted; lowermost 7–44 cm. long, 1–10 cm. wide; cauline ones in 3–5 pairs, simulating the basal but smaller; uppermost bract-like; terminal leaflets ovate to lanceolate, 2.2–11.4 cm. long, 0.7–5.5 cm. wide, entire to dentate; lateral leaflets similar but smaller.. Inflorescence a dichasial thyrse 1.5–30(–74) cm. long, l.3–15(–21) cm. wide, subcapitate in the early stage; floral bracts linear-lanceolate, 0.6–2.0 cm. long, 0.7–2.5 mm. wide, acuminate; internodes glabrous or pilose along one side; nodes tufted-pilose.. Flowers perfect or imperfect, white to pale pinkish-mauve.. Calyx-limb 8–14-fid; segments forming a feathery pappus in fruit.. Corolla infundibuliform, gibbous, sometimes irregular, 2.0–5.5 mm. long, densely to sparsely white hairy at the base of the throat within, glabrous without.. Stamens 3, exserted (± twice the length of the corolla-lobes); anthers 4-lobed.. Style unbranched at first, later opening into 3-lobed tip, exserted, generally the same length as the stamens.. Achenes 2.5–5.5 mm. long, 1.2–2.5 mm. wide, glabrous, light-brown.
More
Inflorescence a dichasial thyrse, initially subcapitate, but often expanding into a system of up to 30 x 10 cm. (even larger inflorescence have been reported from outside our area). Bracts linear to linear–lanceolate, 0·5–2 x 1–3 mm., sometimes with small lateral lobes. Inflorescence axis and branches generally glabrous with pubescent nodes, but may be sparsely hairy like the main stem.
Leaves mainly basal, but also present as 3–5 gradually reduced opposite pairs on the stem; most commonly pinnate, sometimes pinnatifid, more rarely subentire; terminal leaflets larger than the lateral ones, subrotund to linear–lanceolate, up to 13 cm. long; lateral leaflets ± irregularly dentate, becoming reduced in size towards the petiole.
Stems simple and unbranched below the inflorescence; generally glabrous except at the prominent nodes, but may rarely be quite densely covered with long, lax white hairs; internodes generally with well–developed ridges.
Corolla infundibuliform, white sometimes flushed with pink and distinctly pink in bud; slightly irregular, up to 5 mm. long; throat often with long, dense white hairs, exterior glabrous.
Achenes 3–5 x 1·5–3 mm., narrowly ovoid, strongly compressed, glabrous with 6 distinct filiform ribs, 3 dorsal, 1 ventral and 2 marginal.
Basal leaves generally with long petioles of up to 18 cm. (the length probably much dependant on the density of surrounding vegetation).
Erect perennial herbs of up to 1 m. at maturity, with fleshy rhizomes and fibrous roots; stolons occasionally present.
Style slender, with 3–lobed stigmatic surface at maturity, slightly exceeding the filaments.
Calyx inrolled at anthesis, limb segments forming a feathery pappus in fruit.
Stamens 3, distinctly exserted at anthesis, on long slender filaments.
Flowers perfect or imperfect.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention -
Sexuality gynodioecy
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.2 - 0.8
Root system fibrous-root rhizome
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Uses medicinal
Edible -
Therapeutic use Diaphoretic (unspecified), Fumigant (unspecified), Hysteria (unspecified), Nerves (unspecified), Vermifuge (unspecified), Epilepsy (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Distribution

Valeriana capensis world distribution map, present in Kenya, Lesotho, Mozambique, Malawi, eSwatini, Tanzania, United Republic of, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:859663-1
WFO ID wfo-0001144012
COL ID 7FB7L
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Valeriana capensis

Lower taxons

Valeriana capensis var. nana