Valeriana hardwickii Wall.

Indian valerian (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Dipsacales > Caprifoliaceae > Valeriana

Characteristics

Erect, 0,3-2 m high; stem terete, fistular, finely hairy when young, soon glabrescent; lower internodes short, higher ones longer, upper often very long. Leaves odd-pinnate or very deeply pinnatifid; petiole and leaf-rachis finely hairy when young, glabrescent; petiole 1-3 cm, rachis 3-11 cm; leaflets (segments) 3-9, ovate to oblong or lanceol-ate from an acute, obtuse or rounded base, long acuminate-caudate, more or less coarsely serrate-dentate; terminal segment largest, stalked, 4-12 by 2-6 cm; lateral ones subsessile, often ± oblique, 2-7 by 1-3 cm. Terminal panicle 14-60 cm, with opposite, erecto-patent main-branches; cymes often long-stalked, widely branched, many-flowered; flowering bracts 3-5 mm long, obtusely acuminate, 1-nerved. Corolla milky white, tube 1¼-2 mm; segments patent, oval with an obtuse or rounded apex 1¼-2 mm long. Filaments sometimes not or hardly, sometimes distinctly exserted, glabrous, 1-2 mm, rarely shorter. Style exsert or not, 1¼-2½ mm. Fruit brown, glabrous or sub-pubescent, ± 2¾ mmlong; calycinal bristles 10-11, on the mature fruit widely spreading, long-plumose, 5-7 mm long.
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Plants to 150 cm tall. Rhizomes short; roots slender, ca. 1 mm in diam. Stolons 1 to several, or absent. Stems erect, often hispidulous below, glabrous above except at nodes. Basal leaves long petiolate; petiole to 9 cm; blade pinnatisect or pinnatifid, rarely simple and cordate; terminal segment ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 3.5-7 × 1.5-3 cm, hispidulous to glabrate, base subrounded, margin entire or serrate, apex acuminate; lateral segments 4 or 6, remote, reduced toward petiole. Cauline leaves similar, gradually reduced apically. Inflorescence paniculiform, flowers and fruit in remote dichasial clusters, primary peduncles to 70 cm; bracts linear-subulate; bracteoles deltoid-ovate, ca. 1/2 as long as achenes, margin entire or crenulate. Corolla white, pinkish white, or purplish, campanulate to funnelform, 1.5-2.5(-3.5) mm, tube and lobes of equal length. Stamens and style subequal to corolla in length or slightly exserted. Achenes broadly ovoid to ovoid, 2-3 × 1-1.2 mm, hispidulous or less frequently glabrous. Fl. Jun-Aug, fr. Jul-Oct. 2n = 14, 16, 28, 32.
A herb. It grows 1.5 m tall. The stems are erect and often have hairs on the lower section. The leaves at the base have long stalks. The leaves are simple or can have 3-5 lobes.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention -
Sexuality dioecy
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 1.5
Root system rhizome
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Sunny or slightly shaded localities, mead-ows, thickets, large forest-glades, Casuarina and subalpine mixed forests, sometimes as a weed on fields, locally often numerous and arresting the eye by a profusion of white flowers, 1400-3200 m.
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Usually found amongst herbaceous vegetation on humus-rich soils, 1900-3100 metres in Kashmir.
It is a temperate plant. It grows between 900-4,300 m above sea level.
Light 7-9
Soil humidity 4-6
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity 3-7
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

The tender leaves are sometimes cooked to make a thick soup that is eaten with porridge.
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Uses. See under the genus.
Uses essential oil medicinal
Edible leaves
Therapeutic use Chorea (unspecified), Cold (unspecified), Epilepsy (unspecified), Menoxenia (unspecified), Rheumatism (unspecified), Sedative (unspecified), Stimulant (unspecified), Numbness (unspecified), Sclerosis (unspecified), Spasm (unspecified), Tranquilizer (unspecified), Ache(Back) (unspecified), Bruise (unspecified), Hysteria (unspecified), Sore (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by divisions or seedlings.
Mode divisions seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Distribution

Valeriana hardwickii world distribution map, present in China, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:859838-1
WFO ID wfo-0001143773
COL ID 7FBDG
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Valeriana acuminata Valeriana hoffmeisteri Valeriana javanica Valeriana elata Valeriana tenera Valeriana udicola Valeriana hardwickii Valeriana rosthornii Valeriana helictes Valeriana arnottiana Valeriana rhodoleuca Valeriana hardwickii var. arnottiana Valeriana hardwickii var. hoffmeisteri Valeriana hardwickii var. leiocarpa