Vangueria apiculata K.Schum.

Species

Angiosperms > Gentianales > Rubiaceae > Vangueria

Characteristics

Shrub, subscandent shrub or small spreading tree 1.8–12 m. tall, the stems sometimes several, virgate; branching often horizontal; bark grey, brown or red-brown, ± smooth or finely ridged; young shoots mostly dark plum-coloured and lenticellate, quite glabrous.. Leaf-blades elliptic, oblong, ovate or ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate, 3–15(–17) cm. long, 1.5–6(–8) cm. wide, distinctly acuminate at the apex, rounded, cuneate or occasionally subcordate at the base, often discolorous and venose beneath when dry, quite glabrous or rarely slightly pubescent beneath; petiole 0.7–1(–1.4) cm. long; stipules with filiform part 3–9.5 mm. long from a short broad base 1.5–2 mm. long.. Inflorescences typically short, 1–3.5 cm. long including peduncle, fairly lax to very condensed, the rhachis, etc., almost glabrous to usually pubescent or densely shortly hairy; peduncle 0.5–1 cm. long, similarly hairy, with paired bracts 3 × 2 mm. near apex; pedicels 2–4 mm. long, pubescent.. Calyx-tube subglobose, glabrescent to densely shortly hairy, 1.5 mm. in diameter; lobes oblong to linear, sometimes slightly spathulate, (1.2–)3–7 mm. long, glabrous or ciliolate.. Buds distinctly apiculate at the apex, the 5 appendages often quite long.. Corolla glabrous, greenish white, or green to yellow; tube 4–5 mm. long; lobes narrowly to very narrowly triangular, 4–5 mm. long.. Style 6–8 mm. long; stigmatic club 1.2 mm. long.. Fruit green turning brown, subglobose or sometimes irregularly ellipsoid where only one pyrene has developed, 1.7–2.2 cm. long, 1.4–2.2 cm. wide, glabrous; pyrenes 0.9–1.7 cm. long, 4–6 mm. wide, 3–5 developing.. Fig. 131/10, p. 752.
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A shrub which loses its leaves during the year. It grows 1.5 to 10 m tall. The bark is smooth and grey-brown. The leaves are thin and papery without hairs. The are oval with a pointed tip. They are about 13 cm long by 6 cm wide. There are 7-11 main veins on each side of the midrib. The network of veins can be seen underneath the leaf. The leaf stalk is 7 mm long. The flowers grow beside the leaves. They are greenish-white and in much branched bunches. The flowers are like tiny tubes. The fruit is green but becomes yellow brown when ripe. The fruit is round and 17-20 mm long. The fruit is edible.
Leaves 3–15(17) × 1.5–6(8) cm, elliptic, oblong, ovate or ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate, distinctly acuminate at the apex, rounded to cuneate or occasionally subcordate at the base, often discolorous and venose beneath when dry, quite glabrous or rarely slightly pubescent beneath; lateral nerves in (6)7–8 main pairs; tertiary nerves finely reticulate; petiole 7–10(14) mm long; stipules with filiform part 3–9.5 mm long from a short broad base 1.5–2 mm long.
Inflorescences typically short, 1–3.5 cm long including peduncle, fairly lax to very condensed, the rhachis pedicels and calyx tube almost glabrous to usually pubescent or densely shortly hairy; peduncle 5–10 mm long, similarly hairy, with paired bracts near the apex 3 × 2 mm long; pedicels 2–4 mm long, pubescent.
Corolla distinctly apiculate at the apex but not tailed in bud; glabrous outside, greenish-white, or green to yellow; tube 4–5 mm long with a conspicuous tuft of hairs projecting from the throat; lobes 4–4.5 ´ 2 mm.
Stems sometimes several, virgate with branching often horizontal; bark grey, brown or red-brown, more or less smooth or finely ridged; young shoots mostly dark plum-coloured and lenticellate, quite glabrous.
Calyx tube 1.5 mm in diameter, subglobose, glabrescent to densely shortly hairy; lobes (1.2)3–7 mm long, oblong to linear, sometimes slightly spathulate, glabrous or ciliolate.
Fruit turning brown, 1.7–2.2 × 1.4–2.2 cm, subglobose, or sometimes irregularly ellipsoid where only one pyrene has developed, glabrous; pyrenes 3–5, 9–17 × 4–6 mm.
Shrub, subscandent shrub or small spreading tree 1.8–15 m tall.
Pollen presenter 1.2 mm long.
Style 6–8 mm long.
Life form perennial
Growth form
Growth support -
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 1.8 - 12.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months -
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Riverine forest, groundwater forest and dry montane forest. Riverine thicket and evergreen forest, and in mixed woodland, sometimes in rocky places, exposed hillsides and termite mounds at elevations from 960-2050 metres.
More
A tropical species. It grows in evergreen forest. It often occurs on termite mounds and on rocky ground. It grows in open forest, secondary scrub and cultivated land. In Kenya it grows between 900-2,500 m altitude.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

The ripe fruit are eaten raw as a snack. The seeds are discarded.
Uses charcoal environmental use food fuel gene source medicinal wood
Edible fruits
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants are grown from seed. Seed is sown directly where the plants are to grow. Plants can be grown in pots then transplanted. It may be useful to soak seeds overnight in cold water. Seed should be sown as soon as they are separated from the fruit. Plants can be topped or cut back and allowed to regrow.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Distribution

Vangueria apiculata world distribution map, present in Ethiopia, Kenya, Mozambique, Rwanda, Sudan, Somalia, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Conservation status

Vangueria apiculata threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:769845-1
WFO ID wfo-0000331184
COL ID 7FF4W
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Vangueria apiculata Vangueria longicalyx