Vangueria madagascariensis J.F.Gmel.

Voa vanga (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Gentianales > Rubiaceae > Vangueria

Characteristics

Shrub or small tree, 1.5-15 m tall, often multi-stemmed and sometimes with a spreading crown; stems mostly robust, glabrous, longitudinally ridged, with pale to mid-brown bark, mostly smooth and unpeeling (but peeling or powdery in one southern Tanzanian variant). Leaf blades 8-28 x 3.2-15 cm, narrowly to broadly elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate, acute to shortly acuminate at the apex, cuneate to rounded or less often ± subcordate at the base, entirely glabrous or sometimes very young leaves pilose beneath and adult ones sparsely pubescent; lateral nerves in (7)8-10 main pairs; tertiary nerves finely reticulate, often drying distinctly dark below and pale above; petiole 0.3-1.8 cm long, often drying cream-coloured; stipules with a broad base 3-5 mm long, and a narrow apex 0.4-1.8 cm long; glabrous or pubescent. Inflorescence c. 30-flowered, pubescent; branches 1-4.5 cm long, 7-10-flowered; main peduncle c. 10 mm long; pedicels about 2 mm long, save those of the central flower of the inflorescence which measures 4 mm long. Calyx tube 1.2-3 mm long; lobes 0.5-1.5 mm long, triangular-oblong to narrowly oblong, ± pubescent. Corolla slightly to usually markedly acuminate in bud, or apiculate due to the corolla lobe appendages; greenish-yellow, yellow or cream, glabrous or rarely with a few hairs; tube 3-4.5 mm long; lobes 3.5-4.5 mm long with appendages up to 0.5 mm long. Style 7-8 mm long; pollen presenter yellow, 1.2-1.5 mm long, cylindrical. Fruits green to brownish, 2.5-5 cm diameter, subglobose; pyrenes 4-5, each c. 20 x 12 x 8 mm with thick woody walls 1-2 mm thick. Seeds c. 16 x 6 x 4.5 mm, narrowed at one end.
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Shrub or small tree, 1.5–15 m. tall, often multi-stemmed and sometimes with a spreading crown; stems glabrous, longitudinally ridged, with pale to dark bark, mostly smooth and unpeeling but peeling or powdery in one variant.. Leaf-blades narrowly to broadly elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate, 8–28 cm. long, 3.2–15 cm. wide, acute to shortly acuminate at the apex, cuneate to rounded or less often ± subcordate at the base, entirely glabrous or sometimes very young leaves pilose beneath and adult ones sparsely pubescent; petiole 0.8–1.8 cm. long; stipules with broad base 3–5 mm. long, and narrow apex 0.4–1.8 cm. long, glabrous or pubescent.. Inflorescence pubescent; branches 1–4.5 cm. long, 7–10-flowered; main peduncles ± 1 cm. long; pedicels ± 2 mm. long, save those of central flower of inflorescence which measure 4 mm.. Calyx-tube 1.2–3 mm. long; lobes triangular-oblong to narrowly oblong, 0.5–1.5 mm. long, ± pubescent.. Corolla greenish yellow, yellow or cream, glabrous or rarely with few hairs; tube 3–4.5 mm. long; lobes 3.5–4.5 mm. long, with appendages up to 0.5 mm. long; buds slightly to usually markedly acuminate or apiculate due to the corolla lobe-appendages.. Style 7–8 mm. long; stigmatic club cylindrical, yellow, 1.2–1.5 mm. long.. Fruits green to brownish, subglobose, 2.5–5 cm. in diameter, with 4–5 pyrenes, each ± 2 cm. long, 1.2 cm. wide, 8 mm. thick, with thick woody walls 1–2 mm. thick.. Seeds ±1.6 cm. long, 6 mm. wide, 4.5 mm. thick, narrowed at one end.. Figs. 131/22, p. 752; 132/15, p. 754 & 150.
Shrub or small tree, 1.5–15 m tall, often multi-stemmed and sometimes with a spreading crown; stems mostly robust, glabrous, longitudinally ridged, with pale to mid-brown bark, mostly smooth and unpeeling (but peeling or powdery in one southern Tanzanian variant).Leaf blades 8–28 × 3.2–15 cm, narrowly to broadly elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate, acute to shortly acuminate at the apex, cuneate to rounded or less often ± subcordate at the base, entirely glabrous or sometimes very young leaves pilose beneath and adult ones sparsely pubescent; lateral nerves in (7)8–10 main pairs; tertiary nerves finely reticulate, often drying distinctly dark below and pale above; petiole 0.3–1.8 cm long, often drying cream-coloured; stipules with a broad base 3–5 mm long, and a narrow apex 0.4–1.8 cm long; glabrous or pubescent.
A deciduous tree. It often has several stems. It can grow to 15 m high. The bark is pale grey and fairly smooth. It loses its leaves during the year. The leaves are pale green and attractive. They are oval and 8-20 cm long by 12 cm wide and rounded at the base. They are shiny and limp. Leaf stalks are up to 1 cm long. There are leaf stipules on the young shoots. The flowers are greenish white in clusters in the axils of leaves. These are 8 cm long. The flowers are yellow green and 8 mm long. They are small and few. The petals are pale green. Fruit are round, smooth and green with white dots. They are about 4-5 cm across. Often fruit are in bunches of 5-6. Fruit contain 4 or more seeds. The seeds are 1-2 cm long. The fruit are edible.
Small tree or shrub, up to 5 m high. Leaves glabrous or almost so. Flowers in shortly pedunculate inflorescence exceeding 10 mm. Calyx lobes triangular-oblong to narrowly oblong, 1.5(-2.0) mm long. Corolla glabrous, occasionally somewhat pubescent. Flowers greenish.
Corolla slightly to usually markedly acuminate in bud, or apiculate due to the corolla lobe appendages; greenish-yellow, yellow or cream, glabrous or rarely with a few hairs; tube 3–4.5 mm long; lobes 3.5–4.5 mm long with appendages up to 0.5 mm long.
Inflorescence c. 30-flowered, pubescent; branches 1–4.5 cm long, 7–10-flowered; main peduncle c. 10 mm long; pedicels about 2 mm long, save those of the central flower of the inflorescence which measures 4 mm long.
Fruits green to brownish, 2.5–5 cm diameter, subglobose; pyrenes 4–5, each c. 20 × 12 × 8 mm with thick woody walls 1–2 mm thick.
Calyx tube 1.2–3 mm long; lobes 0.5–1.5 mm long, triangular-oblong to narrowly oblong, ± pubescent.
Pollen presenter yellow, 1.2–1.5 mm long, cylindrical.
Seeds c. 16 × 6 × 4.5 mm, narrowed at one end.
Style 7–8 mm long.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 3.25 - 15.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 1.5
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

A tropical plant. It grows in the lowlands. They suit a range of soil types. They have good drought tolerance. It grows in scrub and on the edges of forests. The grow naturally in dry forest edges. They grow from sea level to 2,130 m altitude. It grows in areas with rainfall from 600 to 1200 mm annually. Temperatures are in the range 17°C to 29°C. The plant needs to be in an open sunny position. It can re-grow after fire. It cannot tolerate frost.
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Savannah woodland and galleried forest. Dry areas at low elevations. Riverine bushland, bushland, evergreen forest, bushed grassland, sometimes on rocky outcrops and termite mounds, at elevations from sea level to 2,400 metres.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture 6-8
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

The ripe fruit can be eaten raw or stewed. Unripe fruit have a texture like an apple and very ripe shrivelled fruit taste like tamarind. The fruit are especially enjoyed by children.
Uses animal food charcoal environmental use food fuel gene source material medicinal social use wood
Edible fruits
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

They can be grown from seed or cuttings. Seed can be sown direct or in pots then transplanted. Soaking seed in cold water overnight may help germination. Trees can be cut back and re-grow.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment soaking
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) 17 - 29
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Vangueria madagascariensis leaf picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)
Vangueria madagascariensis leaf picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)
Vangueria madagascariensis leaf picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Vangueria madagascariensis flower picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)
Vangueria madagascariensis flower picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)
Vangueria madagascariensis flower picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Vangueria madagascariensis fruit picture by J F (cc-by-sa)
Vangueria madagascariensis fruit picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)
Vangueria madagascariensis fruit picture by christiane Fazer (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Vangueria madagascariensis world distribution map, present in Angola, Benin, Bangladesh, Brazil, Central African Republic, Costa Rica, Dominica, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Ghana, Indonesia, Kenya, Madagascar, Mali, Mozambique, Nigeria, Puerto Rico, Sudan, eSwatini, Seychelles, Chad, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, and South Africa

Conservation status

Vangueria madagascariensis threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:769766-1
WFO ID wfo-0000331269
COL ID 7FF9R
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 447563
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Vangueria edulis Vangueria venosa Vangueria madagascariensis subsp. madagascariensis Vangueria madagascariensis

Lower taxons

Vangueria madagascariensis var. abyssinica Vangueria madagascariensis var. madagascariensis