Verbena rigida Spreng.

Tuberous vervain (en), Verveine (fr), Verveine rigide (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Lamiales > Verbenaceae > Verbena

Characteristics

Perennial with creeping underground stems; aerial parts densely scabrid with many hairs bulbous-based; aerial stems spreading towards base, then ascending to c. 1 m tall, square. Lvs sessile, 3-10 × 1-2 cm; basal lvs often obovate; stem lvs narrow-elliptic or elliptic-oblong, sharply dentate or serrate; veins impressed; base ± amplexicaul except in basal lvs; apex acute. Infl. with several branches, densely hairy; spikes mostly 1.5-2.5 cm long at maximum flowering, elongating to 5 cm long at fruiting, stout; fls dense. Bracts 6-10 mm long, narrow-lanceolate to lanceolate, subulate, rigidly ciliate, somewhat glandular, purple, prominently keeled, well-exserted beyond calyx. Calyx 4-5 mm long; teeth subulate, glandular-hairy, purple. Corolla purple, sometimes drying deep blue; tube 2-3× length of calyx, hairy outside; limb 5-7 mm diam. Nutlets 1.5-2 mm long, oblong, ± light brown, longitudinally ribbed dorsally, white-papillate on flattened ventral surface.
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Perennial herb, mat-forming, rhizome creeping, aerial stems 0.2-0.6 m high; scabrous-pubescent. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, oblong or narrowly obovate, 30-120 x 10-25 mm, apex acute, margins coarsely incised-serrate, teeth rather distant; hispidulous on both surfaces. Inflorescences of 3-5 spikes in dichotomous cymes; spikes cylindrical; bracts lanceolate to long attenuate-subulate. Flowers purple to violet, blue-violet or mauve. Calyx cylindric, glandular-hairy, red or green. Corolla: tube 8-10 mm long, slender, cylindric, curved; limb 7-10 mm in diam., lobes broad and emarginate, median one longer. Stamens inserted near middle of tube. Flowering time Sept.-Apr. Fruit: mericarps ± 2 mm long, raised-reticulate in upper part.
Perennial herb 0.2–0.4 (–1) m high; branches erect or ascending from a creeping rhizome, scabrid. Leaves sessile, rigid, oblong-ovate or narrowly obovate, 4–12 cm long, 1–4 cm wide, glabrous; base subcordate and partly clasping branch; margin coarsely and sharply serrate, often slightly revolute; apex acuminate. Inflorescence a lax terminal corymb with long branches ending in a dense spike; bracts conspicuously longer than calyx. Calyx 5-toothed, 4–6 mm long. Corolla reddish purple, pale lilac or blue-violet, 2–3 times as long as calyx; tube 8–10 mm long. Mericarps c. 2 mm long.
Perennial, mat-forming herb, up to 0.6 m high. Stems erect. Leaves sessile; blade oblong, narrowly obovate or oblong-ovate, 30-120 x 10-25 mm, base amplexicaul or subcordate, margins coarsely dentate to incised serrate. Flowers: in solitary, terminal spikes or 3-5 spikes in dichotomous cymes; bracts 2-3 x as long as calyx; corolla tube 9-10 mm long, corolla reddish or bluish purple, mauve, white in lower part; Sep.-May.
Perennial herb, up to 0.6 m high. Leaves dentate to incised-serrate, sessile, amplexicaul. Spikes very dense, pedunculate, not crowded. Bracts distinctly longer than calyx. Inflorescence glandulose. Flowers reddish purple.
For description of variety naturalised in Australia see Verbena rigida Spreng. var. rigida.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination
Spread barochory
Mature width (meter) 0.1 - 0.5
Mature height (meter) 0.55 - 0.85
Root system rhizome
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Light 6-8
Soil humidity 1-5
Soil texture 4-8
Soil acidity 2-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 10-11

Usage

Uses environmental use medicinal
Edible -
Therapeutic use Colic (unspecified), Heartburn (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by cuttings or seedlings. Seeds needs stratification.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) 21 - 59
Germination temperacture (C°) 7 - 11
Germination luminosity dark
Germination treatment stratification
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Verbena rigida habit picture by Trap Hers (cc-by-sa)
Verbena rigida habit picture by Brad Kelley (cc-by-sa)
Verbena rigida habit picture by Eli Small (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Verbena rigida leaf picture by Trap Hers (cc-by-sa)
Verbena rigida leaf picture by Brad Kelley (cc-by-sa)
Verbena rigida leaf picture by Pereira Jorge (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Verbena rigida flower picture by Trap Hers (cc-by-sa)
Verbena rigida flower picture by Dieter (cc-by-sa)
Verbena rigida flower picture by Andrade Eduardo (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Verbena rigida world distribution map, present in Åland Islands, Australia, Bermuda, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Cuba, Czech Republic, Dominica, France, Georgia, Indonesia, Jamaica, Kenya, Lesotho, Madagascar, Nicaragua, New Zealand, Puerto Rico, Portugal, Paraguay, Réunion, Sweden, eSwatini, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uruguay, United States of America, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), South Africa, and Zimbabwe

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:865431-1
WFO ID wfo-0000332278
COL ID 5B2WG
BDTFX ID 71026
INPN ID 128758
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Verbena bonariensis f. venosa Verbena rigida f. paraguayensis Verbena scaberrima Verbena venosa Verbena rigida f. alba Verbena rigida f. lilacina Verbena rigida f. obovata Verbena bonariensis var. rigida Verbena rigida var. glandulifera Verbena rigida var. obovata Verbena rigida var. reineckii Verbena venosa var. alba Verbena venosa var. lilacina Verbena venosa var. reineckii Verbena bonariensis var. venosa Verbena doniana Verbena rugosa Verbena rigida var. rigida Verbena rigida var. alba Verbena rigida