Viburnum plicatum Thunb.

Japanese snowball (en), Viorne plissée (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Dipsacales > Viburnaceae > Viburnum

Characteristics

Shrubs, deciduous, to 3 m tall. Bark light brown. Branchlets of current year densely or sparsely yellowish brown stellate-pubescent; branchlets of previous year gray-brownish or gray-blackish, terete, sparsely pubescent or subglabrous, with dispersed, small, rounded lenticels. Winter buds lanceolate-triangular, with a pair of adnate scales; scales sparsely yellowish brown stellate-pubescent. Leaves always opposite, not clustered at apices of branchlets; stipules absent; petiole green, robust, 1-2 cm, thinly stellate-pubescent; leaf blade green when young, broadly ovate, orbicular-obovate, or obovate, rarely suborbicular, 4-12 × (2-)3-7 cm, papery, abaxially densely tomentose or sometimes only hairy on lateral veins, adaxially sparsely adpressed pubescent, more densely so on midvein, midvein raised abaxially, lateral veins 6-12(-17)-jugate, pinnate, slightly arched, branched, ending in teeth, conspicuously raised abaxially, often deeply impressed adaxially, veinlets transverse, slightly raised abaxially, slightly impressed adaxially, not lobed, base rounded or broadly cuneate, very slightly cordate, without glands, margin irregularly serrate, apex rounded or abruptly narrowed and slightly mucronate. Flowers appearing after leaves; inflorescence a compound umbel-like cyme, globose or flattened, at apices of short lateral branchlets with 1 pair of leaves, 5-10 cm in diam.; rays whorled; first node of inflorescence with 3-8 rays, dense, minutely or densely yellowish brown stellate-pubescent, totally composed of large sterile flowers, or of fertile flowers yet with 6-8 large sterile radiant flowers; peduncles 1.5-4 cm; bracts caducous, leaflike, green, lanceolate, 1.5-6 mm, sparsely hairy; bracteoles scalelike. Flowers on rays of 4th order, not fragrant, sessile or shortly pedicellate. Sterile flowers: calyx like fertile flowers; corolla white, rotate, 1.5-4 cm in diam.; lobes obovate or suborbicular, sometimes only 4, often unequal in size with 1 very small lobe, apex rounded; stamens and pistils not developed. Fertile flowers: calyx green or reddish; tube obconical, ca. 1.5 mm, glabrous or stellate-hairy; lobes triangular, ca. 0.5 mm, glabrous, apex ± acute; corolla yellow-white, rotate, 2-3 mm in diam., glabrous; tube 1-1.5 mm; lobes spreading or slightly recurved, broadly ovate, ca. as long as wide, apex rounded, margin entire; stamens exceeding corolla, inserted near base of corolla; filaments 3-4.5 mm; anthers yellow, oblong or suborbicular, ca. 1 mm; styles slightly exceeding calyx lobes; stigmas 3-lobed. Fruit initially turning red, maturing black, broadly ovoid-orbicular or obovoid-orbicular, 5-6.5 × 3-4 mm, base rounded, apex rounded, glabrous; pyrenes compressed, ellipsoid, 4-5.5 × 2.5-3 mm, with a broad ventral groove, both ends obtuse. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Aug-Sep. 2n = 18, 72.
More
A shrub. It grows 2.5-3.7 m tall and spreading 3-4.5 m wide. The branches are horizontal. It loses its leaves during the year. The leaves appear to be pleated. The leaves are opposite and broadly oval. They are 4-12 cm long by 3-7 cm wide. The flowers occur in heads. They are yellow to white. The fruit is oval and red but turn black as they ripen. They are 5-7 mm long by 3-4 mm wide.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support -
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 2.5 - 4.0
Mature height (meter) 2.5 - 3.7
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a temperate plant. It is frost hardy. In southern China it grows between 200-3,000 m above sea level. It suits hardiness zones 4-9. Arboretum Tasmania. In Melbourne Botanical Gardens. In Sichuan and Yunnan.
More
Thickets in mountains; at elevations up to 1,800 metres. Mixed forests and thickets; at elevations from 200-3,000 metres.
Light 4-9
Soil humidity 4-6
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity 2-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 4-8

Usage

Uses environmental use medicinal
Edible fruits leaves
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity toxic (leaf), toxic (bark)
Animal toxicity toxic (leaf), toxic (bark)

Cultivation

Can be grown by cuttings, graftings or seedlings.
Mode cuttings graftings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -25
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Viburnum plicatum leaf picture by Graf mandi (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Viburnum plicatum flower picture by ben vc (cc-by-sa)
Viburnum plicatum flower picture by ben vc (cc-by-sa)
Viburnum plicatum flower picture by Kara Meyer (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Viburnum plicatum world distribution map, present in China and United States of America

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:149876-1
WFO ID wfo-0001290683
COL ID 5BCCV
BDTFX ID 75812
INPN ID 129089
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Viburnum plicatum f. watanabei Viburnum plicatum f. rotundifolium Viburnum tomentosum f. rotundifolium Viburnum tomentosum f. sterile Viburnum tomentosum f. plenum Viburnum plicatum Viburnum plicatum var. dilatatum Viburnum tomentosum var. rotundifolium Viburnum tomentosum var. plenum Viburnum tomentosum var. sterile Viburnum plicatum var. plenum Viburnum tomentosum var. plicatum Viburnum plicatum var. plicatum Viburnum plicatum subsp. glabrum

Lower taxons

Viburnum plicatum var. tomentosum Viburnum plicatum var. formosanum