Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.

Bambarra groundnut (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Fabales > Fabaceae > Vigna

Characteristics

An annual plant. It can either form a bunchy bush or be a trailing plant. Often the creeping stems are near ground level. It often appears as if bunched leaves arise from branched stems near ground level. It has a well developed taproot. The leaves have 3 leaflets. The leaf stalk is erect and thickened near the base. The end leaflet is slightly larger than the side leaflets. Leaflets are about 6 cm long by 3 cm across. The flowers are yellowish-white. They occur in pairs. The fruit are pods which are round and with one seed. Some kinds have 3 seeds. This pod develops under the ground on a long stalk. The flower/fruit stalk elongates after being fertilised and pushes into the soil. The seeds are hard and are of many colours. Pods can be 3.7 cm long.
Life form annual
Growth form herb
Growth support -
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination autogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) -
Root system tap-root
Rooting depth (meter) 1.5
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer rhizobia
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a tropical plant. It can grow in hot climates. It can also grown on poor soils. It does best with moderate rainfall and sunshine. It can tolerate drought. Long day-lengths can reduce or prevent pod development in some kinds. It suits semi-arid regions. In Kenya it grows from sea level to 1,550 m altitude. It can grow in arid places.
More
Sandy soils at elevations of 10-1,650 metres.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Seeds can be eaten fresh or roasted while immature. Mature seeds are hard so must be boiled before being used in cooking. Pre-soaking seeds and cooking with potash makes cooking easier. Young pods are cooked and used as a vegetable. They are used in stews. Seeds can be dried and made into flour and used for baking. They can be popped like corn. The seeds are roasted as a coffee substitute. The leaves can be eaten.
Uses animal food breeding coffee substitute environmental use food forage gene source medicinal
Edible fruits leaves nuts pods seeds
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants are grown from seed. Plants are often put in rows 50 cm apart and with 15 cm spacing between plants. Ridges are formed to enable the pods to penetrate the soil. It is mostly grown intercropped with other plants. Soil should be light and friable and the seed bed loose and fine. Normally the whole plant is pulled up for harvesting. Any pods which become detached are harvested by hand. Pods are dried in the air before threshing.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment soaking
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) 19 - 30
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Vigna subterranea unspecified picture

Distribution

Vigna subterranea world distribution map, present in Angola, Benin, Central African Republic, Côte d'Ivoire, Cameroon, Comoros, Dominican Republic, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Indonesia, India, Kenya, Madagascar, Mali, Mozambique, Mauritius, Namibia, Nigeria, Papua New Guinea, Sudan, Senegal, Chad, Togo, Thailand, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, and Zambia

Conservation status

Vigna subterranea threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:525534-1
WFO ID wfo-0000189255
COL ID 5BDTV
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 844274
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Vigna subterranea Glycine subterranea Geolobus flavus Arachidna trifolia Arachis africana Voandzeia subterranea Tetrodea subterranea Voandzeia subterranea Vigna subterranea var. spontanea