Voacanga africana Stapf ex Scott Elliot

Species

Angiosperms > Gentianales > Apocynaceae > Voacanga

Characteristics

Corolla creamy, greenish-creamy, yellow, or less often white, in the mature bud 17–31 mm. long, incl. the lobes (the lobes 1/2–2/3 the length of the bud, being 8·5–19 mm., forming an almost conical head with a blunt apex), glabrous or less often minutely puberulous on both sides and inside often pubescent from about 5 mm. above base to the insertion of the stamens, tube slightly shorter to slightly longer than the calyx (when the lobes erect), 7–15 mm. long, almost cylindrical, twisted from 2–3 mm. above the base, contracted at the base, in the middle, and at the mouth, at the mouth 3-5 mm. wide; lobes twisted in bud, obovate, narrowly obovate, or elliptic, 1·4–2·5 times as long as the tube, (1·1)1·5–2·2 times as long as wide, 12–37 x 7–16 mm., rounded or obtuse and usually with an upcurved margin at the apex, entire, spreading and often recurved later.
More
Leaves shortly petiolate or sessile; petiole glabrous to pubescent, up to 2 cm. long, those of a pair connate into a short ocrea, which is not widened into intrapetiolar stipules, with a single row of colleters in the axils; lamina usually pale green when plant in flower, when in fruit usually darker, especially above, herbaceous when fresh, membranous to papery when dry, variable in shape and size, elliptic or narrowly elliptic, 1·5–3·5(4) times as long as wide, 7–41·5 x 3–20 cm. (sometimes a little smaller), cuneate or decurrent into the petiole or base, not connate-perfoliate when sessile, acuminate with an often blunt apex or less often acute or obtuse in some leaves, glabrous on both surfaces to pubescent beneath all over and on the midrib above, with 8–22 secondary veins on each side; tertiary venation inconspicuous.
Calyx pale green (paler inside), 7–19 mm. long (when lobes erect), deciduous after the corolla has been shed and before the fruit develops, glabrous or puberulous, out and inside, inside with a zone of colleters from 1–2 mm. above the base of the tube to 1–2 mm. below the base of the lobes (the uppermost colleter near the edge of the base of the lobes and the remainder are arranged irregularly or in 1–3 rows above each other); tube cyathiform, 3·5–9 mm. long; lobes erect, 0·8–1·3 times as long as the tube, subequal, broadly ovate to oblong, 0·7–1·3(1·7) times as long as wide, 3·5–8 x 3·5–8 mm., obtuse, rounded, truncate, retuse, or emarginate at the apex, entire, imbricate in bud, usually partly recurved.
Trees to 10(-25) m tall. Bark pale gray-brown; branches lenticellate. Petiole short or absent; leaf blade obovate-oblong or obovate-elliptic, 7-41 X 3-20 cm, base cuneate or decurrent, apex obtuse or acute, glabrous on both surfaces or pubescent abaxially; lateral veins 8-22 pairs. Cymes 6-25 cm, usually many flowered. Calyx 0.7-1.9 cm, lobes broadly ovate to oblong. Corolla yellow or white, tube 0.7-1.5 cm, twisted; lobes obovate or elliptic, recurved, twisted in bud. Follicles obliquely subglobose, with pale green spots. Seeds dark brown, obliquely ellipsoid, 7-10 X 3.5-5 mm. 2n = 22.
A shrub or small tree. It grows 4-10 m tall. The trunk can be 2-30 cm across. The bark is smooth and pale grey. The leaf blade is pale green. The leaves vary in shape. There are many flowers in a loose group 4-16 cm long. The flowers have a bad smell. The fruit has 2 sections but only one develops. They are dark with pale green spots. They are 3-8 cm long by 3-8 cm wide and 3-7 cm thick. There are many dark brown seeds.
Carpels connected at the base only by an entire ring-shaped disk-like 0·8–1·2 mm. high incrassation and at the apex by the style; style split at the base, narrowly obconical, 4–8 mm. long, twisted and curled at the base, at the apex slightly narrower than the clavuncula; clavulcula 1–1·7 x 1–1·7 mm., with a ring of 1·7–3 mm. in diameter.
Fruit composed of two separate mericarps of which often only one develops; carpels dark and very pale, green-spotted, obliquely subglobose, often slightly wider than long and laterally compressed, 3–8 x 3–8 x 2·5–7 cm., 2-valved; wall 5–15 mm. thick, creamy inside and on section.
Stamens exserted for 0·5–1·2 mm. or occasionally just included, inserted 2–3 mm. below the corolla-mouth; anthers sessile, narrowly triangular, 4-5 x 1·3–2·5 mm., acuminate at the sterile apex and sagittate at the base, glabrous, usually twisted with the corolla.
Inflorescences usually long-pedunculate, 6–25 x 4–15 cm., usually many-flowered, fairly lax, 3·5–15·5 cm. long (incl. peduncle); peduncle pale green and glabrous to sparsely pubescent as branches and pedicels, usually slender; pedicels 3–20 mm. long.
Bracts deciduous, usually all shed before the first bud reaches full size, about as long as the calyx, ovate, obtuse, with a few persistent colleters at the edges of the axils; upper bracts often narrower; all bracts leaving conspicuous scars.
Seeds many, dark brown, dull, with orange aril, obliquely ellipsoid, 7–10 x 3·5–5 x 3–4 mm., laterally with 4–5 grooves, rough, minutely tuberculate.
Trunk terete, 2–30 (40) cm. in diam., bark pale grey-brown, smooth or shallowly fissured near the base with some white latex.
Pistil glabrous, 7–12·5 mm. long (when style straightened out); ovary 1·6–2·5 x 1·7-3 x 1·2–2 mm., of two carpels.
Branches lenticellate; branchlets glabrous, puberulous, or pubescent, with more latex than in the bark.
Shrub-like tree or shrub 1–10(25) m. high.
Ovules about 200 in each carpel.
Flowers malodorous.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 6.5 - 9.5
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months -
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

An understorey tree of forest, secondary jungle and savannah woodland. Open woodland or light forest; riverine forests; in savannahs it is only found in moist places; at elevations up to 1,000 metres
More
A tropical plant. It grows along river banks. It grows in open woodland and light forest. In southern Africa it grows from sea level to 1,000 m altitude. In Yunnan.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

The fruit are used in medicine but also eaten in Senegal.
Uses environmental use fiber food fuel gene source material medicinal oil poison social use wood
Edible fruits
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from seeds. The ripe fruit are opened to release the seeds into water and then the seeds are dried. They can be stored for 12 months.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment soaking
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Voacanga africana unspecified picture

Distribution

Voacanga africana world distribution map, present in Angola, Burundi, Benin, Burkina Faso, Central African Republic, China, Côte d'Ivoire, Cameroon, Congo, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Equatorial Guinea, Kenya, Liberia, Mali, Mozambique, Malawi, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Sudan, Sao Tome and Principe, Togo, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:82719-1
WFO ID wfo-0000333604
COL ID 5BNT9
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Voacanga angolensis Voacanga angustifolia Voacanga bequaertii Voacanga boehmii Voacanga eketensis Voacanga glaberrima Voacanga glabra Voacanga klainei Voacanga lutescens Voacanga spectabilis Voacanga magnifolia Voacanga puberula Voacanga schweinfurthii Voacanga lemosii Voacanga schweinfurthii var. puberula Voacanga africana var. auriculata Voacanga africana var. glabra Voacanga africana var. lutescens Voacanga schweinfurthii var. parviflora Voacanga africana