Wrightia natalensis Stapf

Species

Angiosperms > Gentianales > Apocynaceae > Wrightia

Characteristics

Shrub or tree up to 15 m tall (normally 4-8 m). Branches rusty pubescent when quite young, soon becoming glabrous; bark grey. Leaves shortly petiolate, lanceolate, 5.5-8 cm long and 1.6-2 cm broad, base cuneate to obtuse, apex gradually acute to acuminate, pubescent towards the base below, minutely puberulous on the upper surface, eventually becoming glabrous; secondary nerves 9-12 on each side; margin entire or sightly sinuate; petiole 2-4 mm long, pubescent; axillary glands small. Inflorescence pseudo-axillary, subcorymbose, rusty pubescent; bracts linear-oblong, 6 mm long, margin hyaline; pedicels 3-5 mm long. Flowers small, yellowish, sweetly scented. Calyx 5-6 mm long, pubescent below; sepals oblong, obtuse, margin membranous; 5 glands within the base of the sepals. Corolla salver-shaped; tube tubular-campanulate, 3.5-4 mm long and 3 mm in diameter, glabrous without; lobes oblong, obtuse, 6-8 mm long, finely puberulous below, densely papillose above with 5 epipetalous emarginate scales which are united for half their length into a short corona and bear 2 filiform appendages shorter than the scales. Stamens 5, subsessile, lanceolate, shortly sagittate, 4 mm long, conniving in a cone, exserted. Disc a narrow fleshy rim. Ovary of 2 free carpels; style filiform, 3 mm long; stigma capitate, constricted in the middle with an obscure basal frill and a minute cleft tip. Fruit of 2 follicular mericarps, pendulous, subparallel, cylindric, 20-26 cm long, 8-10 mm in diameter, apex acute. Seeds numerous, linear, glabrous except for a basal tuft of whitish hairs 3-4 cm long, channelled on one side; embryo purple, straight; cotyledons convolute, subequal to the radicle; endosperm 0.
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Pistil glabrous, 6·8–7·7 mm., long; ovary broadly ovoid, 1·5–1·7 x 1·5–2 x 1·5–2 mm., composed of two free carpels; style often split at the base, 3·5–4·5 mm. long, cylindrical and at the apex with a globose head, c. 1 mm. diam. supporting the clavuncula; clavuncula composed of an entire recurved ring 0·4 x 1–1·2 mm. in size, followed by a small cone topped by a globe 0·3–0·6 mm. in diam.; stigma minute, 0·2 x 0·1 mm.; whole of clavuncula and stigma 1·4–1·5 x 1–1·2 mm.
Leaves shortly petiolate; petioles glabrous or sparsely pubescent, 3–5 mm. long, with colleters in the axils; lamina membranous when dry, narrowly ovate or narrowly elliptic, 3–6·5 times as long as wide, 3·5–10 x 1–2·7 cm., long-acuminate, cuneate or rounded at the base, glabrous or sometimes with minute scattered hairs above, pubescent at the base of the midrib or sometimes entirely glabrous beneath; secondary veins 8–15 at each side, fairly inconspicuous.
Stamens exserted, inserted 0·5–1 mm. below the mouth of the corolla; filaments very short, glabrous; anthers narrowly triangular, 4·5–5·5 x 1–1·4 mm., acuminate at the sterile apex, auriculate at the base, introrse, glabrous outside or at the apex with a few stiff hairs, inside on lower half of connective with a penicillate line of hairs just below the level where it is coherent with the clavuncula.
Sepals pale green, with a membranous margin, persistent even beneath the fruit, narrowly ovate or elliptic, 2–2·4 times as long as wide, 5–6 x 2·2–2·5 mm., obtuse, sparsely pubescent outside, especially at the base, ciliate, inside with 5 large colleters alternating with them; colleters 1 x 0·8 mm., flat, entire or 3-lobed.
Corolla creamy; tube almost cylindrical, slightly constricted at the insertion of the stamens, slightly shorter than the sepals, 4–5 x 1·7–2·8 mm., glabrous on both sides; lobes elliptic, 2–3·3 times as long as wide, 7–9 x 2·7–3·5 mm., obtuse, puberulous on both sides, spreading.
Corona composed of 2 rings inserted at the mouth; outer of 5 basally united emarginate lobes, almost half as long as the anthers, each with triangular apices, and inside it a series of 10 shorter filiform appendages near the edges of the anthers.
Shrub or tree, up to 15 m high (normally 4-8 m). Branches rusty pubescent when young, soon glabrous. Stamens exserted. Fruit of 2 follicular mericarps, 200-260 mm long. Flowers yellowish.
Follicles slender, cylindrical, 20–40 x 0·8–1 cm., with many pale lenticels, dehiscent throughout by an adaxial longitudinal slit and becoming flat and 15–17 mm. wide.
Branches lenticellate; branchlets glabrous or only sparsely pubescent when very young, terete, often sulcate when dry.
Inflorescence solitary, terminal, often in the forks or axillary, erect 2–5 x 2–5 cm.
Seed pale brown, 15–19 x 2 mm., longitudinally striate, with coma 3–5 cm. long.
Bark pale grey-brown, inner bark white or brownish, with white latex.
Peduncle 3–5 mm., long, slender, pubescent as the branches.
Bracts linear, about as long as the sepals, deciduous.
Tree 3–15 m. high, repeatedly dichotomously branched.
Pedicel 3–5 mm. long, pubescent.
Ovules c. 100 in each cell.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 15.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Dry woodland and scrub forest on hillsides in light sandy soil, in medium to low rainfall areas; at elevations up to 1,000 metres.
Light -
Soil humidity 1-3
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Uses medicinal
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Distribution

Wrightia natalensis world distribution map, present in Mozambique, eSwatini, South Africa, and Zimbabwe

Conservation status

Wrightia natalensis threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:82868-1
WFO ID wfo-0000334552
COL ID 5C3PB
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Wrightia natalensis