Xylopia odoratissima Welw. ex Oliv.

Species

Angiosperms > Magnoliales > Annonaceae > Xylopia

Characteristics

Shrub or small tree (1–)2–6(–9) m. high, with much branched spreading crown; young branchlets pubescent with yellowish-brown hairs or glabrescent, later glabrous.. Leaf-blades oblong to elliptic or rarely lanceolate, 3.5–11.5(–13.5) cm. long, 1.6–5.7 cm. wide, obtuse, subacute, rounded or emarginate at the apex, truncate, cuneate or broadly cuneate at the base, mostly thin, discolorous, glabrous to mostly sparsely adpressed pubescent above, greyish and more densely adpressed pubescent beneath; venation reticulate, mostly prominent on both sides; petiole 0.3–1.7 cm. long, glabrous to pubescent.. Flowers solitary or in 2–3-flowered fascicles, sessile or pedicels up to 7 mm. long, pubescent; bracteoles 2, broadly ovate, ±1.5 mm. long and wide, pubescent outside, glabrous inside, deciduous.. Sepals ovate-triangular, 1.5–3 mm. long and wide, obtuse or acute, pubescent outside, glabrous and reddish within.. Petals greenish-white to yellow; outer linear, 1.8–3 cm. long, concave and ± 3–4 mm. wide at the base, 1.5 mm. wide above, silky golden pubescent outside, puberulous inside save at the base; inner shorter and somewhat narrower, 2 cm. long, 1 mm. wide, broadened and clawed at the base, puberulous all over save at the base.. Stamens linear, 1 mm. long; connective-prolongation capitate, rugulose.. Carpels 7–14; ovary cylindric or flattened, 1 mm. long, adpressed pilose; style cylindric, ± 2–2.5 mm. long, pilose.. Fruiting pedicels 4–7 mm. long. Monocarps 1–8, red, obovoid or cylindric, 1–3 cm. long, 0.8–1.1 cm. wide, ± curved, obtuse, 1–5-seeded, constricted between the seeds, glabrous, sometimes glaucous, finely rugose, sometimes reticulate or longitudinally striate; stipes 3–5 mm. long.. Seeds yellow-brown, ellipsoid, 1.2 cm. long, 6 mm. wide, 5 mm. thick, sometimes flattened, oblique, biseriate; aril obsolete.
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Leaves petiolate; lamina 3.5–11.5 (13.5) x 1.6–5.7 cm., oblong to elliptic or rarely lanceolate, obtuse or rarely subacute to rounded or emarginate at the apex, broadly cuneate to truncate or cordate at the base, membranous, dull greyish-or ± glossy green and ± sparsely appressed-pubescent (rarely glabrous) above, dull pale green or greyish and more densely appressed-pubescent below, with reticulate venation varying in density and prominence; petiole 3–10 (17) mm. long, red-or yellow-brown, pubescent or glabrous.
Petals greenish-white to yellow, the outer ones 1.8–3 cm. long, narrowly linear, concave and c. 3 mm. wide at the base, golden-sericeo-pubescent outside, puberulous within except at the base, the inner ones somewhat shorter and slightly narrower, shortly unguiculate, puberulous on both sides except at the base.
Fruit on a pedicel 4–7 mm. long; fruiting carpels 1–8, 1–3 x 0.8–1.1 cm., 1–5-seeded, obovoid or cylindric, ± curved, rounded at the apex, constricted between the seeds when dry, glabrous, finely rugose, red, reticulate-striate or not, with stipes 3–4 mm. long.
Flowers solitary or 2–3-fasciculate (rarely shortly pedunculate), eventually reflexed; pedicels absent or up to 7 mm. long, pubescent and ± stout; bracteoles 2, broadly ovate, near the flower, deciduous.
Carpels 7–14, 3 mm. long; ovary ovoid-cylindric or flattened, appressed-pilose; style twice as long as the ovary, cylindric, pilose.
Sepals 1.5–3 mm. long, triangular-ovate, obtuse or apiculate, pubescent and green outside, glabrous and reddish within.
Seeds c. 1.2 cm. long, ellipsoid or ± flattened, yellow-brown, oblique, biseriate; aril inconspicuous.
Branches reddish-brown, ± densely yellowish-fawn-pubescent at first, eventually glabrous.
Shrub or small tree (1) 2–6 (9) m. high, erect or ± spreading, much branched.
Stamens 1 mm. long, linear, with connective prolongation capitate, rugulose.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 4.5 - 6.5
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Brachystegia woodland, old cultivations; xerophilous thickets and in rocky places; open Baikiaea woodland, usually on sand or rocky ground; at elevations from 900-1,680 metres.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) -

Usage

Uses fuel material medicinal
Edible flowers
Therapeutic use Sterility (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Conservation status

Xylopia odoratissima threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:76207-1
WFO ID wfo-0000428904
COL ID 5CM5R
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Xylopicrum odoratissimum Xylopicrum antunesii Xylopia antunesii Xylopia odoratissima