Xylopia L.

Xylopia (en)

Genus

Angiosperms > Magnoliales > Annonaceae

Characteristics

Trees, shrubs or subshrubs, only rarely climbing, glabrous or with an indumentum of simple or rarely 2-branched hairs. Flowers hermaphrodite, solitary, fasciculate or in cymes, axillary, sessile or stalked; buds ovoid, subglobose or more usually narrowly conical and 3-angled; bracteoles 1–5, deciduous or persistent. Sepals 3, valvate, ± united, very much smaller than the external petals. Petals 6 in 2 whorls of 3, both valvate, subequal or the outer ones larger, free, thick, flattened or angular, enlarged and ± concave at the base, the inner petals sometimes with a fleshy part covering the stamens and gynoecium. Stamens numerous, linear, the outer and inner ones often flattened and staminodial; filaments articulated, sometimes partly united at the base and enclosing the gynoecium; anther-cells extrorse,transversely septate; connective-prolongation capitate. Carpels few to many or rarely solitary, free, ovoid-oblong or flattened, with 1–many 1–2-seriate ovules; styles linear or narrowly clavate, aggregated. Monocarps dehiscent or indehiscent, obovoid to cylindric, sessile or mostly stipitate, 1–8(–many)-seeded, ± fleshy. Seeds vertical to horizontal, collateral or 2-seriate; aril present but often inconspicuous.
More
Trees [or shrubs]. Flowers axillary, solitary [or fasciculate]. Flower buds lanceolate [to subulate]. Pedicel usually short, bracteolate at apex [or base]. Sepals 3, valvate, thick, connate at base sometimes into a cup-shaped calyx. Petals 6, in 2 whorls, with each whorl valvate, connivent or scarcely open, elongated, thick, woody when dry, inside basally concave, middle narrowly convex; outer petals larger and longer than inner petals. Stamens many; anther locules oblong, extrorse, transversely septate; connectives 3-angular, apex truncate-dilated. Carpels few to many, free; ovules 2-6 per carpel, sutural; styles elongated; stigmas clavate [capitate, or oblong], extended. Fruit apocarpous; monocarps stipitate, oblong [to elongated], moniliform, often dehiscent. Seeds [1-]3-8[to many] per monocarp, ovoid; aril present but often inconspicuous.
Trees or shrubs, unarmed, with simple hairs. Flowers bisexual, axillary, solitary or in pairs or (not in Australia) in multiflowered cymes or fascicles. Sepals valvate in bud, shortly or largely connate at base. Petals 6, both series valvate in bud, concave inside above base; inner series shorter and narrower than outer. Stamens mostly linear-oblong with connective above dilated; anther cells transversely septate. Pollen grains united in tetrads. A few staminodes present adjacent to the carpels. Carpels few to many, ovules 1-many; style and stigma linear to clavate. Apocarps follicular, dehiscent on one side, or (not in Australia) indehiscent, stipitate. Seeds 1-several, arillate.
Shrubs or trees. Flowers usually small, sessile or shortly pedicellate, in axillary inflorescences or sometimes produced from old branches or from the trunk. Sepals small, valvate in bud, nearly free or connate into a cupular calyx. Petals thick, valvate, linear-oblong or sometimes deltoid. Stamens numerous, the anther cells locellate; connective expanded above the anther. Ovaries hidden in a deep cavity in the center of the torus; ovules lateral. Monocarps free, cylindric or sometimes short, clavate, containing a row of rather few seeds.
Petals 6, free, in two subequal or unequal whorls, both valvate, thick, erect or spreading, flat or triquetrous and often linear above, broad and ± concave at the base, the inner ones sometimes with a fleshy pad covering the reproductive parts.
Stamens ?, linear, with thecae extrorse, septate and connective-prolongation, capitate, the outer and inner ones often flattened and staminodial; filaments articulated, the bases sometimes united, enclosing the gynoecium.
Carpels ? to few (rarely solitary), free, ovoid-cylindric or ± flattened, with several 1-seriate or biseriate ovules; styles cylindric or narrowly clavate, aggregated.
Flowers bisexual, solitary or in cymes or fascicles, axillary, pedicellate or sessile, often (? always) fragrant.
Seeds vertical to horizontal, collateral or biseriate; aril present (sometimes inconspicuous).
Trees, shrubs or shrublets, not climbing, with simple or rarely forked hairs.
Ripe carpels dehiscent, ± succulent, cylindric or obovoid, 1–8-seeded.
Sepals 3, valvate, much shorter than the petals, ± united.
Bracteoles (1) 2–5, caducous or persistent.
Buds triquetrous or conic.
Life form -
Growth form
Growth support -
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) -
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-12

Usage

Uses -
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Xylopia unspecified picture

Distribution

Xylopia world distribution map, present in Australia, China, and Panama

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:332070-2
WFO ID wfo-4000041030
COL ID 89K7
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 672812
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Unona Xylopia Xylopicron Xylopicrum Habzelia Pseudannona Parartabotrys

Lower taxons

Xylopia venezuelana Xylopia vitiensis Xylopia vieillardii Xylopia quintasii Xylopia toussaintii Xylopia sericea Xylopia crinita Xylopia coriifolia Xylopia championii Xylopia caudata Xylopia calosericea Xylopia plowmanii Xylopia ferruginea Xylopia excellens Xylopia densifolia Xylopia benthamii Xylopia amazonica Xylopia mildbraedii Xylopia nigricans Xylopia magna Xylopia multiflora Xylopia parviflora Xylopia pierrei Xylopia phloiodora Xylopia peekelii Xylopia papuana Xylopia pallescens Xylopia holtzii Xylopia rubescens Xylopia pynaertii Xylopia uniflora Xylopia degeneri Xylopia calophylla Xylopia acunae Xylopia aethiopica Xylopia africana Xylopia bocatorena Xylopia paniculata Xylopia hastarum Xylopia gilbertii Xylopia ghesquiereana Xylopia fusca Xylopia frutescens Xylopia ligustrifolia Xylopia pulchella Xylopia staudtii Xylopia spruceana Xylopia flamignii Xylopia emarginata Xylopia elliptica Xylopia elliotii Xylopia ekmanii Xylopia dibaccata Xylopia brasiliensis Xylopia mucronata Xylopia pacifica Xylopia orinocensis Xylopia humbertii Xylopia lanceolata Xylopia lanceola Xylopia monosperma Xylopia katangensis Xylopia kalabenonensis Xylopia orestera Xylopia kuchingensis Xylopia patoniae Xylopia barbata Xylopia columbiana Xylopia conjungens Xylopia densiflora Xylopia langsdorfiana Xylopia macrantha Xylopia peruviana Xylopia fananehanensis Xylopia sahafariensis Xylopia bemarivensis Xylopia danguyella Xylopia dielsii Xylopia thomsonii Xylopia amoena Xylopia oxyantha Xylopia surinamensis Xylopia panamensis Xylopia longicuspis Xylopia polyantha Xylopia pulcherrima Xylopia sericophylla Xylopia xylantha Xylopia capuronii Xylopia amplexicaulis Xylopia lamarckii Xylopia flexuosa Xylopia sericolampra Xylopia beananensis Xylopia lamii Xylopia ambanjensis Xylopia madagascariensis Xylopia humblotiana Xylopia buxifolia Xylopia lastelliana Xylopia perrieri Xylopia micans Xylopia dinklagei Xylopia trichostemon Xylopia villosa Xylopia arenaria Xylopia collina Xylopia nervosa Xylopia cayennensis Xylopia talbotii Xylopia mwasumbii Xylopia decorticans Xylopia ochrantha Xylopia vielana Xylopia wilwerthii Xylopia tomentosa Xylopia sub-dehiscens Xylopia cupularis Xylopia dehiscens Xylopia aurantiiodora Xylopia maccreai Xylopia hypolampra Xylopia hypolampsa Xylopia letestui Xylopia strilophylla Xylopia atlantica Xylopia sumatrana Xylopia ngii Xylopia heterotricha Xylopia lukei Xylopia obtusifolia Xylopia tanganyikensis Xylopia keniensis Xylopia globosa Xylopia nilotica Xylopia calva Xylopia monticola Xylopia piratae Xylopia unguiculata Xylopia shirensis Xylopia discreta Xylopia chocoensis Xylopia malayana Xylopia longipetala Xylopia pittieri Xylopia platycarpa Xylopia cuspidata Xylopia egleriana Xylopia tenuipetala Xylopia pseudolemurica Xylopia microphylla Xylopia lemurica Xylopia javanica Xylopia pygmaea Xylopia roigii Xylopia congolensis Xylopia pancheri Xylopia platypetala Xylopia poilanei Xylopia odoratissima Xylopia jamaicensis Xylopia richardii Xylopia nitida Xylopia aromatica Xylopia torrei Xylopia acutiflora