Zanthoxylum nitidum Dc.

Species

Angiosperms > Sapindales > Rutaceae > Zanthoxylum

Characteristics

Woody climber, evergreen. Older stems with thick conical spines; branchlets and rachis of leaves and sometimes midrib of leaflets with retrorse prickles. Leaves imparipinnate, 5–9-foliolate, 10–34 cm long; petiolules of lateral leaflets obsolete or to 3 mm long; terminal leaflet with petiolule 7–40 mm long; laminae ovate to elliptic, ± equilateral, 4.5–10 cm long, 2–5 cm wide, rounded to obtuse or acute at base, entire to crenate, acuminate. Inflorescences terminal and axillary and sometimes infrafoliar, racemose or paniculate, to 8 cm long; pedicels 1–1.5 mm long, c. 0.3 mm wide (1–5 mm long and 0.8–1 mm wide in fruit). Sepals distinct or basally connate, 0.5–0.8 mm long. Petals 2–3 mm long, white to pale yellow. Male flowers: stamens c. 3.5 mm long; disc columnar or bell-shaped, c. 0.5 mm high, entire or inconspicuously lobed; rudimentary gynoecium composed of 4 sterile, distinct finger-like carpels c. 0.6 mm long. Female flowers: stamens lacking; disc columnar, c. 0.3 mm high, entire; gynoecium 4-carpelled, 1.5–2 mm long; style apical, of 4 contiguous stylar elements; stigmas coherent at anthesis, the combined stigmatic structure peltate. Fruit (including abortive carpels, if any) 4-carpelled; follicles subglobose, 5–7 mm long, red or brown. Seeds subglobose, with thick sclerotesta; endosperm copious. Embryo with cotyledons flattened.
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Shrubs, erect or scrambling, or sometimes woody climbers. Trunk winged. Stems, branchlets, and leaf rachises usually with prickles. Rachis of inflorescences and abaxial surface of leaflet blades glabrous or hirsutulous. Leaves (3 or)5-11-foliolate; petiolules obsolete or to 5 mm; leaflet blades opposite, broadly ovate, subcordate, elliptic, narrowly elliptic, or rarely ovate, 3-12 × 1.5-6(-8) cm, leathery, secondary and tertiary veins abaxially ridged when dry, margin crenate at least toward apex or entire, apex acuminate to caudate with a retuse tip. Inflorescences axillary. Flowers 4-merous. Perianth in 2 series. Sepals ca. 1 mm wide, apically purplish green. Petals pale yellowish green, ovate-elliptic to oblong, ca. 3 mm. Stamens in male flowers 5-6 mm; mature anthers ellipsoid to globose. Petals in female flowers broader than those in male flowers. Gynoecium in female flowers 4-carpelled; carpels globose. Styles stout, coherent at anthesis; stigma capitate. Fruit pedicel 2-5 mm; follicles reddish brown, (5-)5.5-7 mm in diam., apex beaked. Fl. Mar-May, fr. Sep-Nov or May.
A shrub or scrambling vine. There are hooked thorns on the stems. Plants are separately male and female. The leaves are compound and alternate. Leaves are spiny underneath and also have small hairs. There are 5-9 leaflets and they are 5-10 cm long by 2-5 cm wide. A group of flowers occur in the axils of leaves or at the ends of branches. The flowers have 4 petals. They are cream, yellow or pink. They are 2 mm long. The fruit is a red follicle. It is 4-7 mm long and wide and has one seed. The seed is black and 4-5 mm long.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support climber
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality dioecy
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

A tropical plant. It grows in rainforest. It grows between sea level and 500 m altitude in tropical Queensland. In Sikkim it grows between 1,000-2,000 m above sea level. In XTBG Yunnan.
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Shrubby thickets. Rain forests and thickets; at elevations up to 1,100 metres in Malesia and up to 1,400 metres in continental Asia.
Shrubby thickets. Rain forests and thickets; at elevations up to 1,100 metres in Malesia and up to 1,400 metres in continental Asia.
Grows in rainforest, near sea level to 400 m altitude. 
Light 4-9
Soil humidity 4-6
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity 3-7
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-12

Usage

The leaves and seeds are used for flavouring and drinks. They are used in chutney. The roots are also cooked with chicken and eaten.
Uses food material medicinal
Edible fruits leaves
Therapeutic use General tonic for rejuvenation (fruit), Antineoplastic agents (root), Fishes, poisonous (root), Ache(Stomach) (unspecified), Alexiteric (unspecified), Anodyne (unspecified), Bite(Snake) (unspecified), Boil (unspecified), Carminative (unspecified), Inflammation (unspecified), Insecticide (unspecified), Larvicide (unspecified), Piscicide (unspecified), Rheumatism (unspecified), Stimulant (unspecified), Tetanus (unspecified), Ache(Back) (unspecified), Arthralgia (unspecified), Bruise (unspecified), Poison (unspecified), Toothache (unspecified), Burn (unspecified), Analgesic (unspecified), Substance withdrawal syndrome (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by cuttings or seedlings.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Zanthoxylum nitidum unspecified picture

Distribution

Zanthoxylum nitidum world distribution map, present in Australia, Bangladesh, China, Indonesia, India, Iceland, Cambodia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Malaysia, Nepal, Nauru, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Thailand, Taiwan, Province of China, and Viet Nam

Conservation status

Zanthoxylum nitidum threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:775896-1
WFO ID wfo-0000429249
COL ID 7GCTN
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Zanthoxylum nitidum Fagara hamiltoniana Fagara hirtella Fagara nitida Fagara torva Zanthoxylum hirtellum Zanthoxylum torvum Zanthoxylum hamiltonianum Zanthoxylum asperum var. glabrum Zanthoxylum nitidum f. fastuosum Zanthoxylum hamiltonianum Zanthoxylum nitidum var. nitidum