Zelkova serrata (Thunb.) Makino

Water-elm (en), Zelkova de Formose (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Rosales > Ulmaceae > Zelkova

Characteristics

Trees, to 30 m tall, d.b.h. to 1 m, deciduous. Bark grayish white to grayish brown, exfoliating. Branchlets brownish purple to brown, pubescent or glabrescent. Winter buds conic-ovoid to ovoid. Stipules brownish purple, lanceolate, 7-9 mm. Petiole 2-6 mm, pubescent; leaf blade elliptic to ovate-lanceolate, 3-10 × 1.5-5 cm, papery to thickly papery, glabrous or abaxially sparsely pubescent along veins, adaxially sparsely hispid, base slightly oblique, rounded, or shallowly cordate, margin serrate to crenate, apex caudate-acuminate; secondary veins 9-15 on each side of midvein. Male flowers: shortly pedicellate, ca. 3 mm in diam. Perianth (5 or)7(or 8)-parted to middle. Female flowers: subsessile, ca. 1.5 mm in diam. Perianth 4-or 5(or 6)-parted. Ovary pubescent. Drupes pea green, subsessile, 2.5-3.5 mm in diam., surface covered by an irregular network of low ridges. Fl. Apr, fr. Sep-Nov. 2n = 28.
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A medium sized deciduous tree. It grows to 20-40 m high. The branches are straight and spreading. They form a neat rounded crown. The bark is smooth when young. It flakes to reveal orange patches. The leaves are alternate and have a long sharp tip. The leaves are oval and 3-11 cm long by 1.3-7 cm wide. They have saw like teeth. The leaves turn orange and yellow in autumn. Male and female flowers occur on the same twig. They are green and small. The fruit is small and round.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality monoecy
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 6.0
Mature height (meter) 25.0 - 26.4
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 0.9
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a temperate plant. It is native to China, Japan and Korea. It grows in moist soil near streams. It can tolerate some shade. It needs a moist soil. It suits hardiness zones 5-9. Arboretum Tasmania. Hobart Botanical Gardens. Burnie Rhodo Gardens. In Sichuan.
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Lowlands and mountains. Valleys, beside streams; at elevations from 500-2,000 metres.
Light 4-8
Soil humidity 4-6
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity 3-7
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 5-9

Usage

Uses construction environmental use material medicinal wood
Edible leaves
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

It can be grown from seeds or cuttings. It is also possible to use layers or grafts.
Mode cuttings graftings seedlings
Germination duration (days) 14 - 60
Germination temperacture (C°) 7 - 12
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment stratification
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Zelkova serrata leaf picture by Pl@ntNet (cc-by-sa)
Zelkova serrata leaf picture by Adam (cc-by-sa)
Zelkova serrata leaf picture by Elżbieta Kujawa (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Zelkova serrata world distribution map, present in China, Japan, Korea (Democratic People's Republic of), Taiwan, Province of China, and United States of America

Conservation status

Zelkova serrata threat status: Near Threatened

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:858079-1
WFO ID wfo-0001143208
COL ID 5CZ8S
BDTFX ID 82363
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Ulmus keia-ki Zelkova japonica Abelicea acuminata Corchorus serratus Zelkova stipulacea Abelicea serrata Zelkova serrata Zelkova formosana Zelkova tarokoensis Ulmus keaki Planera acuminata Planera japonica Zelkova acuminata Zelkova keaki Zelkova hirta Abelicea hirta Zelkova serrata var. tarokoensis