Adenium oleifolium Stapf

Species

Angiosperms > Gentianales > Apocynaceae > Adenium

Characteristics

Succulent shrublet 12-40 cm high with a swollen, tuberous, largely submerged stem up to 10 cm in diam., bearing 1-several branches. Branches erect, rapidly tapering, sparingly branched, pubescent when young, glabrous with age; bark greyish-white, sometimes corky or wrinkled. Leaves clustered at the ends of the branches, linear-lanceolate to linear, 5.5-11 cm long and 4-13 mm broad, subsessile, apex obtuse to acute, often mucronate, cuneate at the base, frequently folded along the midrib, semi-succulent when fresh, subcoriaceous when dry, covered with a short dense pubescence especially on the underside; surface wrinkled when dry, secondary nerves obscure; glands present in the axil. Inflorescence terminal, cymose, few-flowered, sessile, tomentose; bracts linear, 4-6 mm long; pedicels very short. Flowers showy, pale pink to red, more intense towards the margin, appearing with the leaves. Calyx white tomentose, 5-7 mm long; lobes ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate. Corolla tomentose without; tube 2.2-3.4 cm long, narrowly cylindrical at the base for 4-7 mm then campanulate-infundibuliform for 1.8-2.3 cm, 8-15 mm broad at the throat, pubescent within the upper, broader portion, glabrous below; lobes spreading, ovate, acute, apiculate, 1-1-3 cm long, puberulous; throat scales forming pockets between the lobes. Stamens 5; filaments 2-4 mm long, pilose, the points of attachment produced as 5 tomentose ridges in the tube; anthers lanceolate, sagittate, 6-7 mm long, poliniferous in the upper part, tomentose on the back, with hairy apical tails 1.8-2 cm long reaching the corolla throat. Ovary of 2 free carpels, glabrous; style filiform, 1.4-1.7 cm long; stigma capitate with a narrow basal rim. Fruit of two follicular mericarps eventually spreading to reflexed; follicles 8-11 cm long, subcylindrical, tapering at each end, finely pubescent. Seeds numerous, linear-oblong, brown, striate, 1.2-1.5 cm long with a coma of brownish hairs up to 3 cm long at each end.
More
Corolla bright scarlet or red to pink; tube yellowish especially towards the base, 5–6·9(8·2) times as long as the calyx, 4–6·6 x 0·9–1·4 cm., pubescent outside, only at the extreme base nearly glabrous, puberulous inside, somewhat velutinous on the main veins; narrow basal portion (1)1·5–2 times as long as the calyx, (0·8)1·2–1·7 x 0·3–0·5 cm.; lobes bright scarlet to red, obovate, 1·4–2·8 x 0·8–1·8 cm., apiculate and undulate, sparsely and minutely pubescent outside, puberulous inside, with a puberulous scale at the base, 3 x 1·5 cm.
Small succulent shrub, 120-400 mm tall. Leaves linear-lanceolate to linear-oblong, pubescent, 5-12 mm broad. Flowers appearing with leaves. Upper, wide part of corolla ± pubescent within. Terminal anther appendages reaching to corolla mouth. Flowers pale pink to red, more intense towards margin.
Leaves sessile; lamina linear to very narrowly obovate, 8·8–16·7(21·2) times as long as wide, 4·5–14·6 x 0·3–1·4 cm., acute and apiculate, above shiny, glaucous or pale green, and pubescent to glabrous, beneath dull, slightly paler green and pubescent.
Stamens barely included or slightly exserted, free portion of filament hispid outside, pilose to lanate inside; anther 5·5–6(8) x 1–1·5 mm., hispid outside, cells 2–3·5 x 1 mm.; appendages 2·5–3·1 times as long as the anthers, hispid.
Pistil 13·5–21·5 mm. long; ovary glabrous or sometimes with appressed stiff hairs or puberulous; carpels 1–2 x 1–1·5 x 1–2 mm.; style 11·5–19 x 0·5 mm.; clavuncula 1·5–2 x 1–1·5 mm.
Succulent shrublet up to 40 cm. high, forming a dense mass of rather fleshy leaves and stems, with a subterraneous carrot-like very bitter-tasting rootstock 50–80 x 15–30 cm.
Sepals narrowly oblong to narrowly ovate, 6·5–9(12) x 3·0–4·0 mm., outside densely pubescent to pilose pubescent inside.
A shrub. It grows 12-40 cm tall. The lower stem is swollen and mostly underground and 10 cm across.
Seed very pale brown, pubescent, 1–1·5 x 0·2 cm., with tufts of dirty white hairs 2–3·5 cm.
Inflorescence 0·5–1 x 0·5–1 cm.; bracts narrowly oblong, 3–4 x 1–1·5 mm.
Pedicels densely pubescent to pilose, 5–8 mm. long.
Fruit pale grey to pale grey-brown, 10–11·5 x 1 cm.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.12 - 0.4
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Grassland with bushes, on stony ridges and limestone rock outcrops or in loose sand at elevations from 700-1,200 metres.
More
It is a subtropical plant.
Light -
Soil humidity 1-3
Soil texture 3-6
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 10-11

Usage

Uses animal food environmental use food medicinal poison vertebrate poison
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by cuttings or seedlings.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) 7 - 14
Germination temperacture (C°) 18 - 21
Germination luminosity light
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Adenium oleifolium unspecified picture

Distribution

Adenium oleifolium world distribution map, present in Botswana, Namibia, and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:76370-1
WFO ID wfo-0000764893
COL ID 9Z9P
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 631300
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Adenium lugardiae Adenium obesum subsp. oleifolium Adenium oleifolium var. angustifolium Adenium somalense var. angustifolium Adenium oleifolium