Aira caryophyllea L.

Silver hairgrass (en), Canche caryophyllée (fr), Aira caryophyllé (fr), Aïra caryophyllé (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Poales > Poaceae > Aira

Characteristics

Grey-green to reddish green, erect, slender, variable in height, consisting of a single delicate culm or a tuft of numerous culms; branching intravaginal. Leaf-sheath membranous to submembranous, ribs well-spaced, minutely scabrid above. Ligule 3-4.5-(6) mm, tapered, shortly denticulate, abaxially very sparsely scabrid. Leaf-blade 0.5-6-(12) cm × 0.5-1 mm diam., inrolled, ribs minutely scabrid; margins and subobtuse tip minutely scabrid. Culm internodes glabrous. Panicle 2-11 × 1-6 cm, ± ovate, lax; branches spreading, filiform, often flexuous, sparsely scabrid, naked at base with pedicelled spikelets clustered at tips. Spikelets silvery green or purplish. Glumes 1-(3)-nerved, shining, ovate-lanceolate, acute, keel sparsely scabrid, margins very finely ciliate-scabrid. Lemma firmly membranous and brownish below, colourless, hyaline, scabrid above; awn from lower ⅓ of lemma, projecting beyond glumes, column dark brown, twisted. Palea narrower than lemma, keels rounded, glabrous. Callus ringed by minute hairs. Rachilla minute, glabrous, not prolonged. Anthers 0.4-0.5-(0.6) mm. Caryopsis c. 1.5 × 0.4-0.5 mm.
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Annual; culms 3–40 cm. high, loosely tufted or solitary, erect or geniculate.. Leaf-blades filiform or subsetaceous, mostly 1–5 cm. long and up to 1 mm. wide; ligule up to 5 mm. long, becoming lacerate.. Panicle loose, ovate to oblong, 1–12 cm. long; branches bare at the base, the spikelets in little clusters towards the tips; pedicels 3/4–3 1/2 times as long as the spikelet, pear-shaped at the tip.. Glumes ovate, 2.3–3.5 mm. long (1.8–2.7 mm. in Flora area), acute (but often obtuse in Flora area); lemmas narrowly ovate, 1.2–1.7 mm. long, scaberulous above, acuminately bilobed, with a geniculate awn 2–3 mm. long arising from below the middle, or rarely the lower floret awnless; callus bearded (but usually glabrous or with sparse short hairs in Flora area).. Fig. 29, p. 85.
Culms solitary or tufted, erect or slightly geniculate, very slender, 5–30 cm tall, scabrid. Leaf sheaths scaberulous; leaf blades narrowly linear to filiform, 1–5 cm, 2–3 mm wide; ligule lanceolate, 1–4 mm, acute becoming lacerate. Panicle open, ovate in outline, up to 10 cm; branches 2–5 cm, capillary, scabrid, bearing spikelets in clusters toward tips; pedicels 2–4 mm, up to twice spikelet length, a pear-shaped swelling below spike-let. Spikelets ovate-oblong in outline, 2–3.5 mm, shining, silvery-gray or tinged purplish; glumes as long as spikelet, keel scaberulous; florets both awned; lemmas brown, 3/4 length of glumes, scabrid, narrowed to 2-toothed apex; awn 2.5–4 mm, arising from lower 1/3 of lemma. Anthers 0.3–0.6 mm.
Culms very slender, smooth, 1–3 dm; sheaths and filiform blades scaberulous; infl lax, pyramidal, nearly as broad as long, with ascending branches; pedicels mostly 1–2 times as long as the spikelets; glumes 2.3–3 mm; lemmas 1.8–2.3 mm, both awned, the awn 2.4–3.3 mm; 2n=28. Native of Europe, intr. in dry soil in open places from Vt. and Mass. to Fla. and Tex., mostly near the coast.
Panicle 0.9-7.5 cm. long, ovate to oblong or obovate in outline, erect, somewhat contracted or open and loose; rhachis filiform, glabrous, smooth, branches paired or rarely solitary, bearing spikelets in the upper 1/2, very slender, almost capillary.
Leaf-laminae 2-7 x 0.02-0.06 cm., filiform, subsetaceous, almost always convolute, usually erect, rarely spreading, scaberulous along the nerves on both surfaces and along the margins, glabrous.
Lemmas 1.75-2.5 mm. long (excluding the awn), ovate-lanceolate with the apex acute to subobtuse, dorsally asperulous towards the apex; awn 3-4 mm. long, usually brown; callus appressed-pilose.
Leaf-sheaths slightly longer or slightly shorter than the internodes, striate, tight at first later loose and slipping off the culm, scaberulous along the nerves.
Spikelets 2.5-4.5 mm. long, ovate to broadly oblong in lateral view, pallid green or silvery-grey, sometimes tinged with purple, slightly glossy.
Culms 5-30 cm. tall, 1-many-noded, rather slender, almost filiform, erect or ascending from a geniculate base, smooth, glabrous.
Ligule up to 4 mm. long, lanceolate-oblong or triangular-oblong, acute to subobtuse, often lacerate.
Glumes 2.75-4.5 mm. long, broadly lanceolate, minutely scaberulous along the keel.
See Aira caryophyllea L. subsp. caryophyllea.
A delicate loosely caespitose annual.
Pedicels 2-10 mm. long, capillary.
Slender annual 5–30 cm. high.
Caryopsis c. 1 mm. long.
Anthers c. 0.3 mm. long.
Life form annual
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination anemogamy
Spread epizoochory
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.05 - 0.3
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Light 4-9
Soil humidity 3-5
Soil texture 4-5
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 5-7

Usage

Uses animal food
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -23
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Aira caryophyllea habit picture by Markus W. (cc-by-sa)
Aira caryophyllea habit picture by Alain Lagrave (cc-by-sa)
Aira caryophyllea habit picture by Fernandez Cusachs Marc (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Aira caryophyllea leaf picture by Toine Kocx (cc-by-sa)
Aira caryophyllea leaf picture by Colette Dorion (cc-by-sa)
Aira caryophyllea leaf picture by Marine Arnou (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Aira caryophyllea flower picture by T.G. Liles (cc-by-sa)
Aira caryophyllea flower picture by Carmen Steinke (cc-by-sa)
Aira caryophyllea flower picture by De Un Fin El Comienzo (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Aira caryophyllea fruit picture by Emmanuel Delorme (cc-by-sa)
Aira caryophyllea fruit picture by Emmanuel Delorme (cc-by-sa)
Aira caryophyllea fruit picture by Peter van Woudenberg (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Aira caryophyllea world distribution map, present in Åland Islands, Albania, Australia, Austria, Bulgaria, Belarus, Canada, Switzerland, China, Costa Rica, Czech Republic, Germany, Denmark, Algeria, Spain, Ethiopia, Falkland Islands (Malvinas), France, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Kenya, Morocco, Madagascar, Nigeria, Netherlands, New Zealand, Poland, Korea (Democratic People's Republic of), Portugal, Romania, Rwanda, Sudan, Sweden, Turks and Caicos Islands, Tunisia, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, Ukraine, and United States of America

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:386633-1
WFO ID wfo-0000844921
COL ID BCWZ
BDTFX ID 2143
INPN ID 80857
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Aira bachiti Aira baetica Aira canescens Aira edouardii Aira fioriana Aira latigluma Aira leersii Aira multicaulis Aira multiculmis Aira nana Aira nebrodensis Aira saburralis Aira truncata Airopsis caryophyllea Avenastrum caryophylleum Deschampsia baetica Fussia caryophyllea Salmasia multiculmis Agrostis caryophyllea Aira armoricana Aira patulipes Aira reverchonii Aira tenera Aspris caryophyllea Caryophyllea airoides Aira duriuscula Aira lensii Aira lenzei Aira purpureoargentea Aira todaroi Aira todaroi Avena tenera Avena multiculmis Salmasia vulgaris Aira plesiantha Aira rigida Airella caryophyllea Aira aggregata Aira curta Aira hostii Avena caryophyllea Avena multiculmis Aira caryophyllea subsp. armoricana Aira caryophyllea subsp. multiculmis Aira caryophyllea var. aggregata Aira caryophyllea var. biaristata Aira caryophyllea var. latigluma Aira caryophyllea var. major Aira caryophyllea var. minor Aira caryophyllea var. multiculmis Aira caryophyllea var. reverchonii Aira pulchella var. biaristata Aira tenorei var. biaristata Aira uniaristata var. biaristata Aira tenera var. biaristata Aira tenera var. brachyanthera Aira pulchella f. brachyanthera Aira caryophyllea var. aggregata Aira caryophyllea var. curta Aira caryophyllea var. major Aira multiculmis var. aggregata Aira caryophyllea subsp. multiculmis Aira caryophyllea var. caryophyllea Aira caryophyllea subsp. caryophyllea Aira caryophyllea var. patulipes Aira caryophyllea subsp. reverchonii Aira caryophyllea