young shoot icon Home All plants About

Apocynum cannabinum L.

Indian-hemp (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Gentianales > Apocynaceae > Apocynum

Characteristics

Erect, branched above, 0.5–1.5 m, with a well developed main axis; lvs on short but evident petioles 3–10 mm, erect or ascending, 5–11 cm, oblong-lanceolate to oval or broadly elliptic, acute to rounded at the base and mucronate apex, glabrous or hairy beneath; fls erect; cal-lobes usually reaching beyond the middle of the cor-tube; cor cylindric to urceolate, 3–6 mm, white or greenish-white, the lobes erect or slightly divergent; fr (5–)10–15(–20) cm; coma mostly 1–3 cm; 2n=16. Open places; rare or local in e. Can. and N. Engl., abundant from N.Y. to N.D., s. to Fla. and Tex., and w. occasionally to the Pacific. May–Sept. Highly variable in lf-shape and pubescence.
More
A herb that keeps growing from year to year. It has milky sap. It grows 1 m high and spreads 50 cm wide.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 1.0
Mature height (meter) 0.73 - 1.0
Root system rhizome tap-root
Rooting depth (meter) 0.9
Root diameter (meter) 1.2
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Gravelly or sandy soil, mainly near streams. A common weed of cultivated land, usually found in shady or moist places.
More
A temperate plant. It needs a well-drained moist soil. It can grow in sun or light shade.
Light 3-7
Soil humidity 5-8
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity 2-7
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 4-6

Usage

Caution: The leaves are poisonous. It has a drug similar to digitalis the heart stimulant. The rootstock is used in medicine. The seeds have been eaten. The latex has been used as a chewing gum.
Uses fiber gum material medicinal poison vertebrate poison
Edible seeds
Therapeutic use Cathartic (bark), Dermatological Aid (bark), Emetic (bark), Cathartic (leaf), Dermatological Aid (leaf), Emetic (leaf), Gynecological Aid (leaf), Ceremonial Medicine (leaf), Dermatological Aid (root), Laxative (root), Abortifacient (root), Kidney Aid (root), Antidiarrheal (root), Blood Medicine (root), Emetic (root), Eye Medicine (root), Gastrointestinal Aid (root), Pediatric Aid (root), Anthelmintic (root), Misc. Disease Remedy (root), Panacea (root), Contraceptive (root), Unspecified (root), Unspecified (unspecified), Antirheumatic (Internal) (unspecified), Cough Medicine (unspecified), Pulmonary Aid (unspecified), Respiratory Aid (unspecified), Gynecological Aid (unspecified), Veterinary Aid (unspecified), Ceremonial Medicine (unspecified), Emetic (unspecified), Other (unspecified), Analgesic (unspecified), Gastrointestinal Aid (unspecified), Venereal Aid (unspecified), Alopecia (unspecified), Cardiac (unspecified), Cardiotonic (unspecified), Cathartic (unspecified), Condyloma (unspecified), Diaphoretic (unspecified), Diuretic (unspecified), Dropsy (unspecified), Dysentery (unspecified), Dyspepsia (unspecified), Expectorant (unspecified), Fever (unspecified), Inflammation (unspecified), Intestine (unspecified), Laxative (unspecified), Malaria (unspecified), Purgative (unspecified), Vermifuge (unspecified), Wart (unspecified), Asthma (unspecified), Masticatory (unspecified), Pneumonia (unspecified), Poison (unspecified), Sudorific (unspecified), Tonic (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants are grown from seed. Seed need cold treatment to germinate well.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) 84
Germination temperacture (C°) -5 - 3
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -35
Optimum temperature (C°) 12 - 22
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Apocynum cannabinum habit picture by Patricia D (cc-by-sa)
Apocynum cannabinum habit picture by MKJL Property (cc-by-sa)
Apocynum cannabinum habit picture by Brandon Bautista (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Apocynum cannabinum leaf picture by Richard Wilkens (cc-by-sa)
Apocynum cannabinum leaf picture by David Hinds (cc-by-sa)
Apocynum cannabinum leaf picture by Savage Marla (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Apocynum cannabinum flower picture by Richard Wilkens (cc-by-sa)
Apocynum cannabinum flower picture by cindy cindyr (cc-by-sa)
Apocynum cannabinum flower picture by Lisa J (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Apocynum cannabinum fruit picture by David Koser (cc-by-sa)
Apocynum cannabinum fruit picture by Fleurien Leth FLG (cc-by-sa)
Apocynum cannabinum fruit picture by Elijah Rushmore (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Apocynum cannabinum world distribution map, present in Canada, Mexico, and United States of America

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:16527-2
WFO ID wfo-0000244384
COL ID FR6X
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Apocynum farwellii f. anomalum Apocynum album Apocynum arenarium Apocynum breweri Apocynum carolinii Apocynum cervinum Apocynum cordigerum Apocynum densiflorum Apocynum dictyotum Apocynum dimidiatum Apocynum farwellii Apocynum isophyllum Apocynum longifolium Apocynum macounii Apocynum myrianthum Apocynum nemorale Apocynum neogeum Apocynum nevadense Apocynum oliganthum Apocynum sibiricum Apocynum subuligerum Apocynum suksdorfii Apocynum bebbianum Apocynum cuspidatum Apocynum estellinum Apocynum greeneanum Apocynum ithacense Apocynum laurinum Apocynum littorale Apocynum missouriense Apocynum oblongum Apocynum palustre Apocynum piscatorium Apocynum platyphyllum Apocynum procerum Apocynum purpureum Apocynum salignum Apocynum thermale Apocynum tomentulosum Apocynum canadense Cynopaema cannabinum Cynopaema hypericifolium Apocynum sibiricum f. arenarium Apocynum cannabinum f. pennsilvanicum Forsteronia pavonii Apocynum angustifolium Apocynum bolanderi Apocynum cinereum Apocynum pubescens Apocynum cannabinum var. angustifolium Apocynum cannabinum subsp. cordigerum Apocynum cannabinum var. bolandri Apocynum cannabinum var. estellinum Apocynum cannabinum var. floribundum Apocynum cannabinum var. glaberrimum Apocynum cannabinum var. greeneanum Apocynum cannabinum var. hypericifolium Apocynum cannabinum var. incanum Apocynum cannabinum var. isophyllum Apocynum cannabinum var. lanceolatum Apocynum cannabinum var. nemorale Apocynum cannabinum var. oliganthum Apocynum cannabinum var. palustre Apocynum cannabinum var. puberulum Apocynum cannabinum var. pubescens Apocynum cannabinum var. suksdorfii Apocynum hypericifolium var. angustifolium Apocynum hypericifolium var. cordigerum Apocynum hypericifolium var. farwellii Apocynum hypericifolium var. intermedium Apocynum hypericifolium var. myrianthum Apocynum hypericifolium var. nevadense Apocynum hypericifolium var. oblongum Apocynum hypericifolium var. salignum Apocynum sibiricum var. cordigerum Apocynum sibiricum var. farwellii Apocynum sibiricum var. salignum Apocynum suksdorfii var. angustifolium Apocynum farwellii var. glaucum Apocynum cannabinum var. album Apocynum cannabinum var. album Apocynum cannabinum f. arenarium Apocynum cannabinum f. pubescens Apocynum farwellii f. ternarium Apocynum farwellii f. verticillare Apocynum hypericifolium f. arenarium Apocynum hypericifolium Apocynum venetum Apocynum cannabinum var. cannabinum Apocynum cannabinum
WorldFloraDB 2024