Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott

Jack in the pulpit (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Alismatales > Araceae > Arisaema

Characteristics

Corm very acrid; lvs mostly 2, the petiole 3–6 dm at anthesis, sometimes later to 15 dm; lfls 3, acuminate, the terminal elliptic to rhombic-ovate, the lateral often asymmetrical; veins of the lfls parallel from the midrib to the marginal vein, connected by numerous anastomosing veinlets; peduncle 3–20 cm; spathe convolute below, expanded above and arched over the spadix, abruptly acuminate; spadix cylindric or barely clavate, yellow, blunt; fr 1 cm; 2n=28, 56. N.S. to N.D., s. to Fla. and Tex. Spring. Four vars., 3 in our range, the fourth (quinatum) southern:
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A tuber plant. It grows 15-60 cm high. It has round tubers. There can be 1-3 leaves. These have 3 leaflets. The leaflets are pointed and 8-15 cm long. The flowers appear below the leaves. The bract around the flower is green or dark red and it can be striped. It is 10-15 cm long. It is hooded and curves inwards at the edges. The fleshy fruit stalk is club shaped. it can be 7 cm long. The fruit are berries which show up distinctly.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality dioecy
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 0.98
Mature height (meter) 0.6
Root system tap-root
Rooting depth (meter) 0.2
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a temperate plant. It grows in light shade. They can tolerate cold. It suits hardiness zones 4-9.
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Wet woods, bogs and swamps.
Light 3-6
Soil humidity 5-8
Soil texture 3-6
Soil acidity 2-6
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 4-8

Usage

The tubers (corms) are used to produce a very fine flour like arrowroot. They are sliced, dried and stored to reduce the acridity then made into flour. Caution: Like all Araceae family the plant contains calcium oxalate and needs special processing.
Uses environmental use medicinal poison
Edible fruits roots tubers
Therapeutic use Analgesic (root), Dermatological Aid (root), Eye Medicine (root), Blood Medicine (root), Gynecological Aid (root), Pediatric Aid (root), Respiratory Aid (root), Stimulant (root), Witchcraft Medicine (root), Poison (root), Snake Bite Remedy (root), Antirheumatic (External) (root), Throat Aid (root), Ceremonial Medicine (seed), Tuberculosis Remedy (tuber), Carminative (unspecified), Cold Remedy (unspecified), Cough Medicine (unspecified), Dermatological Aid (unspecified), Diaphoretic (unspecified), Expectorant (unspecified), Orthopedic Aid (unspecified), Stimulant (unspecified), Throat Aid (unspecified), Tuberculosis Remedy (unspecified), Analgesic (unspecified), Antidiarrheal (unspecified), Eye Medicine (unspecified), Febrifuge (unspecified), Nose Medicine (unspecified), Pediatric Aid (unspecified), Respiratory Aid (unspecified), Veterinary Aid (unspecified), Sedative (unspecified), Poison (unspecified), Unspecified (unspecified), Antirheumatic (External) (unspecified), Headache (unspecified), Aptha (unspecified), Bactericide (unspecified), Bronchitis (unspecified), Cancer (unspecified), Colic (unspecified), Tuberculosis (unspecified), Cough (unspecified), Diuretic (unspecified), Eye (unspecified), Felon (unspecified), Pertussis (unspecified), Polyp(Nose) (unspecified), Poultice (unspecified), Rheumatism (unspecified), Ringworm (unspecified), Sore (unspecified), Sudorific (unspecified), Vesicant (unspecified), Asthma (unspecified), Homicide (unspecified), Insecticide (unspecified), Lung (unspecified), Medicine (unspecified), Stomatitis (unspecified), Swelling (unspecified), Whitlow (unspecified), Bite(Snake) (unspecified), Irritant (unspecified), Hematologic diseases (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

It is grown from corms. These are dormant in the winter. Plants can be grown from fresh seed.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) 30 - 180
Germination temperacture (C°) 9 - 10
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -35
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Arisaema triphyllum habit picture by Lily Jones (cc-by-sa)
Arisaema triphyllum habit picture by PT (cc-by-sa)
Arisaema triphyllum habit picture by Jean-François Girard (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Arisaema triphyllum leaf picture by Marissa (cc-by-sa)
Arisaema triphyllum leaf picture by Ngan MacDonald (cc-by-sa)
Arisaema triphyllum leaf picture by Ngan MacDonald (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Arisaema triphyllum flower picture by Kathryn Brown (cc-by-sa)
Arisaema triphyllum flower picture by Victory Carlock (cc-by-sa)
Arisaema triphyllum flower picture by Sameer Marathe (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Arisaema triphyllum fruit picture by Brian Dessauer (cc-by-sa)
Arisaema triphyllum fruit picture by Ken Schafer (cc-by-sa)
Arisaema triphyllum fruit picture by Shoshanna Sho (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Arisaema triphyllum world distribution map, present in Åland Islands, Canada, Micronesia (Federated States of), Georgia, Malaysia, Nicaragua, and United States of America

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:1107169-2
WFO ID wfo-0000274695
COL ID GND9
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Arisaema triphyllum f. stewardsonii Arisaema brasilianum Arisaema deflexum Arisaema pusillum Alocasia lobata Arisaema atrorubens Arisaema acuminatum Arisaema hastatum Arum atrorubens Arum vittatum Arisaema atrorubens f. pusillum Alocasia atrorubens Alocasia triphylla Arisaema atrorubens f. pallascens Arisaema triphyllum f. pusillum Arisaema triphyllum f. zebrinum Arisaema triphyllum f. triphyllum Arisaema zebrinum Arum triphyllum Arisaema atrorubens var. viride Arisaema triphyllum var. acuminatum Arisaema triphyllum var. montanum Arisaema triphyllum var. pusillum Arisaema triphyllum subsp. pusillum Arisaema triphyllum var. stewardsonii Arisaema triphyllum subsp. stewardsonii Arum triphyllum var. zebrinum Arum triphyllum var. virens Arisaema atrorubens var. zebrinum Arisaema quinatum var. obtuso-quinatum Arisaema triphyllum var. typicum Arisaema triphyllum var. viride Arum triphyllum var. atropurpureum Arum triphyllum var. atrorubens Arum triphyllum var. pallescens Arum triphyllum var. viride Arisaema atrorubens f. viride Arisaema atrorubens f. zebrinum Arisaema pusillum f. pallidum Arisaema stewardsonii Arisaema triphyllum f. viride Arisaema triphyllum var. stewardsonii Arisaema triphyllum var. triphyllum Arisaema triphyllum