Artocarpus elasticus Reinw.

Artocarpus (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Rosales > Moraceae > Artocarpus

Characteristics

Tree up to 45(-65) m tall, evergreen (or deciduous?), with buttresses. Leafy twigs (5-)7-20 mm thick, brown to whitish appressedly puberulous to subhispidulous or to hirtellous or hirsute, sometimes only on the scars of the stipules, ± scabrous or smooth, drying dark brown to blackish; lenticels in the upper part of the internode; scars of the stipules prominent. Leaves spirally arranged; lamina coriaceous to chartaceous, entire, elliptic 13-40(-60) by 6-20(-35) cm, or when juvenile pinnately incised with 3 or 4 (or 5) pairs of lobes, apex short-acuminate, base rounded to cuneate (to subattenuate), margin entire to repand to lobate (or denticulate towards the apex); upper surface minutely whitish puberulous to (sub)hispidulous, on the main veins to hirtellous, ± scabrous or smooth; lower surface brownish to whitish appressedly puberulous or partly strigillose to (sub)hirtellous on the veins, scabridulous or smooth; lateral veins 10-16 pairs, most of them branched or forked away from the margin, tertiary venation scalariform, prominent; areoles usually bullate; petiole 2.5-10 cm long, 2-6 mm thick, brown appressedly puberulous, the epidermis persistent; stipules fully amplexicaul, 4-20 cm long, brown (sub)hirsute to subvillous or to subsericeous, caducous. Staminate inflorescences axillary, solitary; peduncle 3.5-7.5 or 9.5-18 cm long, brown appressedly puberulous; head cylindrical, 6-15 by 1-2.5 cm, sulcate, the grooves often interrupted and almost straight; perianth tubular c. 0.6 mm long, the apex 2-lobed, minutely puberulous; stamen c. 0.9 mm long, anther 0.2-0.4 mm long; interfloral bracts absent. Pistillate inflorescences axillary, solitary; peduncle 4.5-12 cm long, brown appressedly puberulous; head ellipsoid to cylindrical; perianth tubular, brownish (to whitish) puberulous to hispidulous, the apex convex to flat; stigma bifid (with equally or unequally long arms); the flowers intermixed with subulate to filiform (± recurved) 6-12 mm long processes, these brown hispidulous or absent. Infructescences ellipsoid to cylindrical (or to subglobose), (6-)8-12(-17) by 5.5(-10) cm, covered with 1-4 mm long cushion shaped to pyramidate to cylindrical apices of the perianths, intermixed with elongate processes or not; fruits ellipsoid, 0.8-1 cm long.
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A large tree. It grows to 45 m high. The trunk can be 210 cm across. There are buttresses 3 m high. The bark is grey-brown and slightly scaly. The twigs are 8-20 mm thick. They have dense golden hairs. There are ring like scars. The leaves are alternate and crowded. They are stiffly leathery. They have a blunt form at both ends and are entire or lobed towards the tip. Leaves are 12.5-60 cm long by 10-35 cm wide. There are 12-14 pairs of secondary veins. The male flower parts are yellowish and finger like. They are 6-20 cm long by 2.5-3.8 cm wide. They are grooved. The flower stalk is 40-75 mm long. Female flowers are in rounded heads. The fruit are heavy. They are yellow-brown. They are 11.5 cm long by 5.5 cm wide. They have a bad smell when ripe. The seeds or nuts are short and oval and in a white gummy flesh. The seeds are 10 mm long by 6 mm wide. They are covered with a white coat. The ripe fruit pulp and seeds are edible.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality monoecy
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 45.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A tropical plant. They occur along the Pacific coast from Quezon to Samar growing at low and medium altitudes in the Philippines. In Indonesia they are mostly below 300 m altitude but can occur up to 1500 m. It grows in the drier eastern region in Malaysia.
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Evergreen forests, usually at elevations up to 300 metres, but occasionally to 1,350 metres.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 10-11

Usage

UsesCloth is made from bark. The infructescence has an unpleasant smell, but the seed are eaten roasted.
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The fleshy portion of the fruit is eaten raw. The ripe seeds are roasted and eaten.
Uses cosmetics eating food gene source material medicinal oil timber wood
Edible fruits seeds
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants are grown by seeds.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Artocarpus elasticus unspecified picture

Distribution

Artocarpus elasticus world distribution map, present in Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia, Iceland, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Taiwan, Province of China

Conservation status

Artocarpus elasticus threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:850378-1
WFO ID wfo-0000550472
COL ID H259
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Saccus blumei Artocarpus kunstleri Saccus elasticus Saccus kuenstleri Artocarpus blumei Artocarpus elasticus